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IDENTIFICATION OF WELL PROBLEMS USING WELL TESTING (A CASE STUDY OF UMU-N2 WELL OF MIDWESTERN OIL AND GAS COMPANY, KWALE, NIGERIA)
ABSTRACT
Well tests exist already for a long time. Since the first oil reservoir was discovered, oil companies have always been keen on estimating reservoir properties such as size. Present day well testing has gone beyond this and its usefulness cannot be overemphasized. This project work is concerned with the use of well testing in identifying well problems. The case under study is the UMU-N2 well of Umusadege field, Kwale. From analysis of the well test data, it was seen that the well had impairment which was due to reduced permeability and thus, required stimulation for improved recovery of the hydrocarbons present. Also, there was high sand and water production which also reduced the productivity of the well.
TABLE CONTENTS
Title Page———i
Certification——–ii
Dedication———iii
Acknowledgement——-iv
Abstract ———vi
Table of Content——–vii
Chapter One
1.0 Introduction ——-1
1.1 Statement of Problem——4
1.2 Purpose of the Study——5
1.3 Significance of Study——8
1.4 Limitation——–9
1.5 Scope of Study——-11
Chapter Two
2.0 Review of Related Literature —-12
2.6 Summary of Literature Review—- 19
Chapter Three
3.0 Research Methodology and Procedure—22
3.1 Population ——–22
3.2 Sample and Sampling Technique—-22
3.3 Validation of the Instrument —-23
3.4 Reliability of the Instrument —–23
3.5 Data Analysis——-23
Chapter Four
4.0 Presentation and Discussion of Result—24
4.1 Analysis and interpretaion of Data—25
4.2 Discussion of Results——38
Chapter Five
5.0. Summary, Conclusion, and Recommendation –40
5.1 Summary——–40
5.2 Conclusion——–41
5.3 Recommendation——42
References ———45
Appendix 1——–47
Appendix ———50
IDENTIFICATION OF WELL PROBLEMS USING WELL TESTING (A CASE STUDY OF UMU-N2 WELL OF MIDWESTERN OIL AND GAS COMPANY, KWALE, NIGERIA)
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
Well testing is a measurement of pressure as a function of time for different flow rates that are kept constant for a period of time and then suddenly changed, forming steps. The pressure data is analysed using a pressure transient analysis which is a powerful tool. Well testing is an important phase for reservoir characterization and the development of any geothermal resource. Well tests are performed to acquire qualitative and quantitative knowledge of the well and the reservoir being tested. During a well test, the pressure response, which is one of the most important parameters involved in geothermal exploration, to changing production or injection is monitored. During production, the mass and heat transport forced upon the system causes spatial as well as transient changes in the pressure state of the reservoir (Ozkan and Raghavan, 2012).
The differential equation which is used in geothermal reservoir physics to evaluate the mass transfer in the models of geothermal reservoirs, as well as to estimate reservoir pressure changes, is the so called pressure diffusion equation. It is derived by combining the conservation of mass and Darcy’s law for the mass flow which, in fact, replaces the force balance equation in fluid mechanics. Well testing is one of the powerful tools to identify the features and properties of the reservoir, predict the future performance, and find ways to increase the ultimate recovery. Well-test results can be interpreted by using analytical well-test solutions for relatively simple reservoir architectures and well geometry. In more complex cases, numerical simulation can be used to compute the pressure-transient responses to match with the field test. The existing numerical simulation packages are for prediction purposes and long-time production periods. Therefore, these packages may not be suitable for well test purposes because of the unsteady pressure-transient behavior during the early period of the test (Suzuki, 2012).
1.2 Statement of the problem
There are various types of tests which have been applied in geothermal wells to enhance the understanding of the reservoir behaviour. The problem of nonuniqueness is well recognized in the oil industry and accounts for the increasing use of stochastic modeling techniques, which aim at providing alternative equiprobable representations of the reservoir to capture the uncertainty associated with predictions. Nonuniqueness decreases as the amount of information increases. The results obtained from well test give an idea of the average reservoir properties, i.e quantitative value for the transmissivity in the drainage volume of the well, and mean reservoir pressure. The analysis of the test can also indicate whether the well is damaged or stimulated, and gives quantitative information concerning the shape of the reservoir either homogeneous or heterogeneous.
Also, the most difficult task of numerically simulating well-tests is the treatment of the bottom-hole flowing pressure. Because of the more complex geometry of the well and 3-D flow convergence, representing horizontal wells in grid blocks is a challenging task. Building models with conventional well indices need more grid refinements around the well with small time steps, which will increase the computational time. One remedy for this problem is to use the transient well indices.
1.3 Objective of the study
The general objective of this study is to identify well problems using well testing (a case study of Umu-N2 well of Midwestern oil and gas company, Kwale, Nigeria).
The specific objectives of this study are:
- To determine reservoir modeling with Lumpfit
- To determine transmissivity in the drainage volume of the well
- To understand the semi-logarithmic well test analysis
1.4 Scope of the study
This study is limited to the modeling with Lumpfit to identify well problems using well testing. The study will also examine transmissivity in the drainage volume of the well.
