CHARACTERIZATION OF SALMONELLA ISOLATES FROM SELECTED POULTRY FARMS IN KWARA STATE, NIGERIA

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CHARACTERIZATION OF SALMONELLA ISOLATES FROM SELECTED POULTRY FARMS IN KWARA STATE, NIGERIA

 

Abstract

Salmonellosis is a major threat facing the poultry industry in Nigeria. This study was conducted to characterize Salmonella from selected poultry farms in Kwara state and determine their resistance patterns to routinely used antimicrobials. A total of 900 samples were collected between December, 2015 and May, 2016 from poultry environment, live chickens, and dead chickens. The samples were subjected to standard bacteriological methods. Presumptive Salmonella isolates were tested for specific serovars, antimicrobial resistance profile and PCR testing of 24 randomly selected isolates for the genes fimA, fliC, rfbsg and SefC. Of the 900 samples, 58 (6.4 %) were positive for Salmonellaand the isolation rate was only statistically significant (p< 0.05) in live birds. The isolates are comprised of 13 different serovars. The three predominant serovars; Salmonella entrica ser. 6, 7:d:- (29.0 %), S. Agama (28.0 %) and S. Typhimurium (16.0 %), were isolated from all the three sources.Rare serovars such as S. Albany, S. Colindale, S. Istanbul, S. Larochelle, S. Nigeria and S. Orion were also isolated from chickens in this study.A high frequency of antimicrobial resistance was generally observed with all the isolates exhibiting a total (100 %) resistance to ampicillin, cefotaxime and ceftazidime. Varying distribution patterns of the studied genes were observed among the isolates.While, fimAwas found in all the 24 strains, sefCwas found only among the Salmonella enterica ser. 45: d: 1,7.This study documents for the first time, isolation of Salmonella entrica ser. 6, 7:d:- from chicken. The studyalso documents a high frequency of fluoroquinolone resistance among the isolates which may be consequence of selective pressure in the environment.The results of this study has shown that the fimAgene was widely distributedamong Salmonella irrespective of the serovars. However, the sefCgene appears to be serovar specific.Salmonella serovars 6, 7: d: -, Agama and Typhimurium were the major serovars associated with poultry and environmental contamination in the Kwara State, north-central region of Nigeria.These serovars constitute a health risk to poultry, environment and human population in the region, therefore,there is need to institute measures to control their spread.

 

CHARACTERIZATION OF SALMONELLA ISOLATES FROM SELECTED POULTRY FARMS IN KWARA STATE, NIGERIA

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