PARTICIPATORY EPIDEMIOLOGY AND SEROPREVALANCE OF BOVINE BRUCELLOSIS IN NGURU LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, YOBE STATE, NIGERIA.

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PARTICIPATORY EPIDEMIOLOGY AND SEROPREVALANCE OF BOVINE BRUCELLOSIS IN NGURU LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, YOBE STATE, NIGERIA.

Abstract:

Formal system of enquiries is of limited value when working with rural communities in developing countries. This research used alternative system of inquiry and learning that involved the application of participatory epidemiology (PE) techniques to collect existing veterinary information about brucellosis in rural areas. Participatory epidemiology methods which include semi-structured interview, proportional piling, ranking and scoring method, seasonal calendar were used on 12 informant groups in 12 selected villages of Nguru Local Government Area of Yobe State, Nigeria to understand the local perception of cattle disease signs, disease causes, prevalence, seasonal patterns of disease and indigenous control and treatment methods. Participatory epidemiology data were subjected to descriptive statistics, Friedman‟s test and Kendall‟s coefficient of concordance to determine the level of agreement between informant groups, while chi-square, Fishers exact test were used to measure associations between sex, age and seroprevalence. Results indicated that cattle constituted the largest proportion of livestock kept and the local characterization of cattle disease called Bakali (Brucellosis), Bauru (FMD), Samore (Trypanasomiasis), and Ottu (CBPP) by local farmers are consistent with modern veterinary knowledge on Brucelosis, FMD, Trypanasomiasis and CBPP respectively. Brucellosis is the second most important, a stripe by knife on the skin using fire is the traditional remedy used in the prevention of brucellosis. In addition, 365 serum samples were collected from unvaccinated cattle raised under extensive system of management. The sera were tested by Rose Bengal Plate test as a screening test and competitive Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay c-ELISA as confirmatory test. Information on management practices was obtained from cattle owners using a structured questionnaire. An overall prevalence of 9.6 % (35/365) by cELISA and 10.7% by RBPT was obtained in this study. The specific seroprevalence of xv 9.5% was obtained in females and 10.8% in the male cattle tested with cELISA while 10.4% was obtained in females and 18.9% in the male cattle tested with RBPT. The age band greater than 10years recorded the highest (25.0%) specific seroprevalence and the least 6.9% in age band 1-5years. There was no statistical significant difference (p < 0.05) between the sexes while there is a statistically significant association between age (p < 0.05) and occurrence of brucellosis in the study. There were differences in infection rates in the study areas, with highest prevalence rate obtained in Nguru cattle market (17.4%), followed by Kogga and Dabule (16.0%). There was low level of education, low patronage of veterinary services and lack of vaccination against brucellosis were observed among the Fulani herdsmen.

PARTICIPATORY EPIDEMIOLOGY AND SEROPREVALANCE OF BOVINE BRUCELLOSIS IN NGURU LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, YOBE STATE, NIGERIA.

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