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DETECTION AND SURVEY OF BLACKEYE COWPEA MOSAIC VIRUS IN ZARIA AND ENVIRONS
Abstract:
A two-year survey of the incidence of blackeye cowpea mosaic virus (B1CMV) in Zaria and its environs revealed that the virus is widespread. Incidence levels and distribution of serotypes varied from location to location and year to year. When forty cowpea lines were screened for resistance against the virus, results obtained from glasshouse screening were more consistent than those obtained from field screening. Twenty-one lines tested positive to both serotypes of the virus in the glasshouse while twenty and twenty one lines respectively tested positive during the field screening in 1993 and 1994 respectively. Assessment of the reaction of the forty cowpea lines to BICMV infection indicated that twenty were resistant, eighteen were moderately susceptible and only two were highly susceptible. Significant yield loss was recorded only in three cowpea lines: IT 860-715, TVU 1582 and KVX 402-5-2. Infectivity of the virus was lost at temperatures above 60cc; at a dilution of above 10 and after storage of virus sap for more than 54 hours at room temperature (25°c). The virus was transmitted by Aphis craccivora Koch, in a nonpersistent manner. It was acquired after 15 seconds of feeding on virus source. The virus was also transmitted after 15 second of feeding on susceptible cowpea plants. Similarly, preliminary fasting for 15 to 30 minutes was efficient in increasing the efficiency of transmission. It is concluded that BICMV is widespread and therefore requires more study for incorporating its resistance into cowpea
DETECTION AND SURVEY OF BLACKEYE COWPEA MOSAIC VIRUS IN ZARIA AND ENVIRONS
