- : Ms Word, Ms Word Format
- : 65 Pages
- : ₦5,000
- : 1-5 Chapters
- Click to DOWNLOAD Materials
THEATRE EDUCATION ON CHILD LABOUR AND WOMEN TRAFFICKING: A CASE STUDY OF WOTCLE
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page
Certification
Dedicaotn
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Chapter One
Introduction
1.1 general background
1.2 statement of the problem
1.3 aims and objectives
1.4 limitations
1.5 definition of terms
1.6 summary
Chapter Two
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 introduction
2.2 child labour and women trafficking
2.3 factors Influencing Child Labour women trafficking
2.4 economic implication of child Labour and Women Trafficking
2.5 summary
Chapter three
3.1 promotion of theatre Education as a preventive strategy
3.2 Analysis of selected Episodes of Izozo
3.3 WOTCLEF
3.3.1 Objectives of the foundation
3.3.2 Areas of focus
3.3.3 Contributors
3.3.4 Benefactors
3.3.5 Foundation Administration
3.4 Summary
Chapter Four
4.1 Summary/conclusion
Bibliography
Appendix
ABSTRACT
Child labour and women trafficking are illicit and criminal, It is in the realisation of this that some concerned civil society groups and organisations have decided to act/protest the situation.
This project is intended to expose some of the ills and far-reaching effects of child labour and women trafficking in general. An attempt is made to posit the historical origin, the causes and problems of this dastardly act, and all that informed the emergence of ‘’women Trafficking and Child Labour Eradication Foundation’’ (WOTCLEF). This work examines the aims and objectives of the foundation. How much of its objectives have been accomplished, the problems and prospects of WOTCLEF, and how far its media and theatre Educational programmes have succeeded in reducing and eradicating child labour and women trafficking.
CHAPTER ONE
- INTRODUCTION
1.1 general Background
Child Trafficking is the illicit and criminal commercialization of children. There are local and western ways of trafficking. A situation where criminally minded members of community plan and decide to act as agents of making young children available to kidnappers, ritualists, money doublers, and tricksters in exchange for money is child trafficking.
Another situation is where the middlemen enter into negotiation with some parents for the purpose of letting their young girls in particular go into towns to take up jobs as house helpers, baby-sitters, street sellers, or hawkers (child labour). Unsuspecting parents quickly succumb to the bargain because of poverty without knowing that his separation might be for life.
Some other children are manipulated, attracted to, and kidnapped in schools and outside schools with sweets, biscuits, chewing gum, chocolate, and other attractive baits. Most of these victims in this class are girls who are made to believe that their position is to supplement the income of the family for the training of the boys.
There was an example of a girl in Lagos who, on being touched, turned into Yam and was lifted along until a boy who witnessed the exercise raised an alarm and attracted people to the scene. Before the man responsible fled, he was apprehended by the police, who forced him to reverse what he did.
It is pertinent to mention here too that this type of child trafficking is predominant in rural localities and primitive villages, where parents even rejoice that their daughters are going to live in towns’’ without knowing that the parting could be an everlasting one.
The second and more atrocious aspect of child trafficking is the reckless commercialization of female sexuality. Dealers specialise in enticing and deceiving young girls with promises of a better life, a good and sound education abroad, and wonderful jobs as waitresses, models, sales clerks, factory workers, exotic dancers, or for the purpose of matchmaking. In Europe, most of their victims come from Africa, especially Nigeria, Asia, Latin America, and Eastern Europe.
These victims of child trafficking are shipped, crossed, or smuggled through the neighbouring countries across the desert on a pilgrimage of sorrow; call it Modern Version of Slave Trade of the 14th – 18th Centuries.
This is a flagrant violation of the dignity of human beings and womanhood in particular. It is on record that more than 15,000 Nigerian women and children, mostly from Edo State, Nigeria, engage in this grade of prostitution in Italy alone. The number is staggering.
1.1.1 HISTORICAL CONNECTION
Child trafficking and prostitution have a connection with the people’s culture. Here in Nigeria for instance, the woman until recently was seen as a second-class citizen in many places. She was limited to running minimal services like domestic errands and had to be sacrificed and mortgaged for money whenever the family ran into financial problems.
Thus, the total neglect of women, unequal participation, and subjugation by both culture and time sort of degraded and dehumanised the female folk. In some communities, girls are ’’sold’’ early in marriage. The bride’s price is very high. Marriage by inheritance is common. A widow is made to pay back her dowry to free herself from the unfortunate, unfavourable, and intolerable management of her inheritance. If she has no money, she would slave herself out to pay it back or remain there in perpetual suffering. Only an economically based dowry repayment signifies the freedom and liberty of a girl to remarry.
Thus, girls are forced by circumstance and orientation to accept the culturally assumed supremacy of their husbands and male counterparts, giving them control of their actions, speech, and bodies voluntarily, and thus giving up all rights to income and land.
General speaking, the immoral’ and unhuman cultures of many communities paved the way to the female gender problems of today, of which child trafficking and prostitution are just two.
In west and central Africa alone, some 200,000 children are trafficked each year. Trafficked children are sent to work on a finishing vessel and plantations, in factories, and as marked peddlers, shop assistants, and domestic servants. Organised crime networks profit from their exploitation.
Children are sold mostly from Benin and Togo, ending up in the relatively wealthy countries of Nigeria and Gabon. Other countries importing child labour in the region include Niger, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, and Ivory Coast. Often, parents who give up their children are manipulated into believing the Youths will receive better jobs or education opportunity.
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
The age-long historical solidarity network through which rural families send their children to urban and overseas relatives and friends to improve their chances of education and employment has degenerated into money transactions, with a class of middlemen growing fat on the profits.
When war and oil exploration disrupt rural economies, children and young women are forced into the street. In Somalia, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Burundiand Liberia, 10-year-olds are sexually exploited at limitary camps. In Luanda, Catorinhas—14-year-olds—are now fashionable playthings. Even in peaceful regions, children are shipped to work as prostitutes in cities such as Duala, Lagos, Accra, Dakar, Libreville, Abidjan and Abuja. Young Zairians are sold across the Congo River. There are more than 70,000 child prostitutes in Zambia alone.
But often, traffickers who ferry children and women cannot be successfully prosecuted. Definitions of trafficking are inadequate and parents make things worse by believing the stories of a better life for their children. In many countries, legislation against the worst form of child labour and prostitution does not exist. In the absence of adequate national laws and political will, they will continue to unwittingly exploit their own kin, and the rights of the child will remain a mere tradition.
It is against this background that concerned groups and intellectuals in the arts have decided to focus attention on education and enlighten of all stakeholders through the theatre and media medium. How are they going about this arduous task? What milestones have been achieved so far? Is there any hope for marked success of the efforts?
There are some of the questions that will be answered when WOTCLEF as a case study is examined.
1.3 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
Societies are constantly in a state of continuous transformation and changing patterns. The theatre has been widely acknowledged to effectively reflect this through the ages (Locher 1971:235)
The basic aim of this essay is to explore the abundant possibilities available in the practice of theatre to nurture tame, enlighten and educate young minds on the ills and far-reaching effects of child labour and women trafficking. The objectives is to provide a document relevant to intellectuals authors, victims and all stakeholders wishing to contribute to the eradication of this crime.
1.4 LIMITATIONS
The war against child labour and women trafficking is one against the untouchables, barons, mafias, the likes of Ali- and his cohorts, who are well connected and gratify high and the might in the government and society.
These groups are ready to hunt down any efforts at removing food from their mouth. They will go any length to disrupt the good intention of persons or organisations interested in eradicating child labour and women trafficking. This is a major limitation on the grounds that most of those involved in the campaign are sceptical about people coming to interview them or getting information from them for fear of falling into the wrong hands.
Another major limitations is the difficulty in getting literature on this subject. There are few or no textbooks on the subject. Getting material means looking for conferences and workshop material on the subject. This is no easy task considering the huge financial involvement in travelling to source for their presentation papers at diverse locations. Sourcing the web is one way to get information on this subject. But is it also a big pain in this country in terms of money and time spent at business centres.
1.5 ABBREVATION/DEFINITION OF TERMS
WOTCLEF: Women’s trafficking and child labour Eradication foundation.
UNICEF: United Nations International Children’s Education fund.
ILO: international Labour Organisation.
IPEC: International Programme on Elimination of Child Labour
IACJL: International Association of Criminal Justice Lawyers.
IHRLG International Reproductive Right Law Group
IRRRAG: International Reproductive Rights Research Action Group
NCWA: National Council of Women societies.
ECPAT: End Child prostitution, Pornography and Trafficking
IOM: International Organisation for Migration
AWEG: African Women Empowerment Guild
COSUDOW: committee for the support of the Dignity of women
GIP: Girls? Power initiative
UNDODC: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
UNICRI: United Nations Interregional crime and Justice Research Institute
‘’agency’’ means the National Agency for Traffic in persons law enforcement and Administration.
‘’commercial carriers’’ means any persons or any public, private or other entity engaged in transporting persons, goods or mails for Remuneration, hire or any other benefit.
‘’confiscation’’ or ‘’Swizure’’ means temporarily prohibiting the transfer, conversion, disposal or movement of property asset or money on the basis of attachment by the Agency;
‘’force’’ or ‘’Coercion’’ Includes obtaining or maintaining through an act or threat the labour, service or other activities of a person by physical, legal, psychological or mental coercion or abuse of authority.
‘’Trafficked person’’ means a person who has been victim of trafficking.
‘’Trafficker’’ means a person who or an entity that intends to commit or acquiesces to an act of trafficking.
1.7 SUMMARY
In this chapter, we give a general view and the historical trend of child labour and women trafficking. The justification for this work was linked to the shortfalls in the cultural history of the people. Which aided and supported this practice, I hereby beclouding the perception of the negative efforts. The objectives and aims of the work is to provide information leading to the exploration and eradication of child labour and woman trafficking, though not without limitation.
THEATRE EDUCATION ON CHILD LABOUR AND WOMEN TRAFFICKING: A CASE STUDY OF WOTCLE. GET MORE THEATRE ARTS PROJECT TOPICS AND MATERIALS
