THE EFFECT OF COPING WITH INFERTILITY: DISTRESS AND CHANGES IN SPERM QUALITY.

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THE EFFECT OF COPING WITH INFERTILITY: DISTRESS AND CHANGES IN SPERM QUALITY.

Abstract

Infertility represents a serious stressor for some patients as well as a risk factor for a decrease in sperm quality. The purpose of the present study was to identify coping strategies that went along with both better emotional and physical adjustment to infertility. The sample consisted of 63 patients who contacted an andrological clinic more than one time. Before the clinical examination, patients filled out a questionnaire referring to how they coped with their wives’ previous menstruation. Participants also completed a scale assessing perceived distress due to infertility. Change in sperm concentration since baseline semen analysis and the level of distress were used to evaluate the patient’s adjustment. The better-adjusted patients showed less prominent overall coping efforts and a higher proportion of distancing coping strategies. An improvement in sperm quality also was associated with low cognitive involvement in infertility. Situational uncontrollability of infertility could be a moderator of the effectiveness of coping employed by the better-adjusted patients. In addition, the coping behavior related to better adjustment could be due to a dispositional stress resistance factor. For the clinical implementation of the findings, the attitudes of a patient and the expectations of his wife have to be taken into consideration.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Cover page

Title page

Certification        –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       i

Dedication –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       ii

Acknowledgement      –       –       –       –       –       –       –       iii

Abstract     –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       v

Table of contents        –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       vi

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1    Background of the Study     –       –       –       –       –       1

1.2    Statement of Problem  –       –       –       –       –       –       7

1.3    Purpose of the study           –       –       –       –       –       8

1.4    Objective of the Study –       –       –       –       –       –       9

1.4    Research Questions    –       –       –       –       –       –       10

1.5    Research Hypothesis   –       –       –       –       –       –       10

1.6    Significance of the Study     –       –       –       –       –       11

1.7    Scope of the study      –       –       –       –       –       –       11

1.8    Limitation of the study         –       –       –       –       –

1.9    Definition of Terms             –       –       –       –       –       12

CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1    Introduction       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       14

2.2 The Theoretical frame Work –       –       –       –       –       21

2.3 conceptual framework

2.4 empirical review

CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1    Introduction       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       82

3.2    Area of the study                –       –       –       –       –       –       82

3.3    Research Design        –       –       –       –       –       –       82

3.4    Sample and sampling techniques –       –       –       –       83

3.5    Population of the study               –       –       –       –       –       84

3.6    Procedure for Data Collection      –       –       –       –       85

3.7    Method of Data Analysis      –       –       –       –       –       85

CHAPTER FOUR: PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

4.1    Introduction       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       87

4.2    Presentation of Data           –       –       –       –       –       87

4.3    Data Analysis     –       –       –       –       –       –       –       88

4.4    Testing of Hypothesis          –       –       –       –       –       91

4.5    Discussion and summary of findings             –       –       94

CHAPTER FIVE:

INTRODUCTION, SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION

5.0    Introduction       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       98

5.1    Summary           –       –       –       –       –       –       –       99

5.2    Conclusion –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       100

5.3    Recommendations      –       –       –       –       –       –       101

REFERENCES

THE EFFECT OF COPING WITH INFERTILITY: DISTRESS AND CHANGES IN SPERM QUALITY.  GET MORE SOCIOLOGY PROJECT TOPICS AND MATERIALS

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