THE CAUSES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD IN SOUTHERN  BAUCHI SENATORIAL DISTRICT OF BAUCHI STATE.

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THE CAUSES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD IN SOUTHERN  BAUCHI SENATORIAL DISTRICT OF BAUCHI STATE.

Abstract

This study focused on  the causes of environmental hazard in southern  Bauchi senatorial district of Bauchi state. Both qualitative and quantitative instruments were used to obtain data from used for detailed descriptive and sex disaggregated analysis. Survey method was used to collect quantitative data from 129 respondents. Data generated were analyzed with descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage) cross tabulation and Chi square analysis using SPSS version 19. Results show that environmental hazard  has brought about low crop yield, poverty and overall economic downturn. Efforts made by the people in mitigating the problems of environmental degradation have led to misapplication of technology. The people depend mainly on their individual and communal efforts in mitigating the effects of the degradation because government programmes on environment are not readily available. Some of the recommendations The federal government should develop appropriate national guidelines and standards on environmental pollution and natural resources conservation and where they exist should be firmly administered.

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION 

1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

Environmental hazard is a broad term used in defining such phenomenon as earthquake, and pollution, which are brought about as a result of active forces within the earth or on the earth’s surface, or by man’s activities. Considering ever present threat of these hazards to the destruction, are likely to damage both lives and property. There are several environmental problems in the world today mainly caused by non-sustainable use of natural resources by human beings. The unprecedented rapid increase in human population equally means unprecedented massive exploitation of natural resources. Nigeria’s environment is facing threat from disasters like desertification, drought, oil spillage, gas flaring, erosion and flooding all of which are exacerbated by human activities. In Southern Bauchi Senatorial District, Bauchi State State, there are some visible signs of environmental hazards in the pollution and depletion of natural resource base including land, water, forest and air upon which all life depends.

The environment is depleted of its productive potentials through overuse, and/or harmful treatment. Deforestation resulting from farm clearance, uncontrolled cutting of trees for firewood, charcoal, timber and other uses, overgrazing, mining and bush burning also contributes to deforestation. There are also growing nuisance of air and water pollution which are associated with urbanization and industrialization. The springing up of salt water along the Benue Trough running through the State and increasing deposit of trace elements from mines on farmlands are other environmental problems in the State.

The effects are seen in the degradation of land, soil erosion, desertification, disappearance of forests, water pollution and the extinction of various types of plants and wildlife. It is against this background, that this study intends to examine the  causes of environmental hazard in southern  Bauchi senatorial district of Bauchi state.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM

Several views and concern have been expressed by various people about pollution and its effects on living organisms especially in man. Pollution is the contamination of the environment by biological, chemical and physical agents that may arise through natural events, human activity or the interaction of the two. Natural pollution, as from volcanic eruption tends to be short-lived an overtime, self-correcting. Pollution resulting from human action is often persists longer in terms duration and may be only partially remediable especially when the natural characteristics of local or global ecosystems are altered, for example through the destruction of forests, depletion of the ozone layers, or acid rain, environmental pollution effects human health both directly. Acute or long term, direct effects result from exposure to pathogens, toxics or radiation, indirect effects arise from loss of the land, water, air or food resources, required to sustain life and well being.

The environmental conditions that determine human health depends on the relationship between ecosystems, their populations and the patterns of economic and social development which may contribute  positively to human health or when the side-effects of development are not controlled may have negative effects.

 

1.3 RESEARCH QUESTIONS

The foregoing research problem raises the following questions:

  1. What are the nature and causes of environmental hazard in Southern Bauchi Senatorial District, Bauchi State ?
  2. What are the socio-economic impacts of environmental hazards in Southern Bauchi Senatorial District, Bauchi State?

1.4 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The aim of the study is to investigate the  causes of environmental hazard in southern  Bauchi senatorial district of Bauchi state.

The specific objectives of the study include the following:

  1. To identify the nature and causes of environmental hazards in selected agrarian communities of Southern Bauchi Senatorial District, Bauchi State.
  2. To assess the socio-economic impact of environmental hazards in

Southern Bauchi Senatorial District, Bauchi State .

1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

People generally and young people in particular are demanding higher quality environment. Also the apparent growing awareness all over the world of the close relationship between environment and other development factors demands fashioning an integrated approach towards solving the environmental problems. It is clear that as time goes on, global society will witness the exhaustion of development styles that are unsustainable in medium and long term basis, especially those that are harmful to the natural systems and are unfair to people. Therefore, proper documentation of impacts and perception of our environmental problems affords us useful data that pave the way for future development in our communities. The knowledge about ways in which different groups of men and women participate in development will continue to increase and the connection between gender, environment and development will grow in importance. Thus, this knowledge will lead to the conviction that a systematic approach is required if environmental issues are linked properly with social and gender equity and incorporated into developmental processes.

 

The findings will serve as literature materials for future researchers. This work will also assist policy makers in making environmental policies because gender and poverty affects and are equally affected by environmental hazards.

 1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This study is interested in gender and environmental hazards in Southern Bauchi Senatorial District, Bauchi State State. This area was chosen for the study because it is an agrarian economy susceptible to gradual environmental hazards. The area also has some natural resources that degrade the environment.

 

However this study is limited to the gradual forms of hazards coming from long term use of natural resources. Emphasis was given to agrarian communities with some mineral endowment. Physical measurements are sometimes used in environmental studies, but in this study, only opinions and feelings of the people were documented.

  •   LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

As expected, the research had the problems of easy access to respondents because of timing especially for transportation, accommodation, and finance. However, these problems were overcome by dint of dedication and commitment.

THE CAUSES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD IN SOUTHERN  BAUCHI SENATORIAL DISTRICT OF BAUCHI STATE.

 

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