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THE CHALLENGES OF CREATIVITY IN ART PRACTICE IN PORT HARCOURT METROPOLIS, NIGERIA
ABSTRACT
Art exists in various cultures with diverse functions according to the cultural needs. Artists at all times are builders and major contributors to socio-cultural, economic and political development of their society. Artists are classified into professional artists and art educators. Both art educators and studio practitioners practicing in Port Harcourt metropolis appear to be struggling with the problem of lack of recognition by the people in the metropolis among other challenges. The aim of the study was to investigate the factors challenging creativity in art practice in Port Harcourt metropolis, Nigeria. Specifically, to ascertain the infrastructural facilities on ground for art practice in the metropolis, to assess the environmental influence on the artists’ creative works, to evaluate some works of the artists in Port Harcourt metropolis and to proffer solution to the factors militating against creativity in art practice in Port Harcourt metropolis. The research design adopted for this study was Survey and four research questions were formulated to direct the investigation. The researcher used a total sample of sixty four (64) professional artists and art teachers (respondents) for his instrument (questionnaire) which consisted of thirty (30) items in the researchers developed questionnaire and twelve (12) items semi-structured interview schedule sectioned into four parts. The data that was collected were collated and analyzed, using the expressive and thematic tools in addition to tables and simple percentages to answer the research questions. The result revealed that the available infrastructures were art classrooms, art studios and galleries 62.5% for teaching and learning, mainly for art educators in their schools. Relevant infrastructural facilities such as art studios 56.2%, functional art museum 96.8%, art workshops centres 84.4%, art galleries 69.3% and art auction house 100% were lacking. The essential infrastructures like exhibition facilities 95.3% and art shops 76.6% are not available for the practicing artists. Low patronage of art works 65.6%, lack of mentorship and sponsorship of artists 84.4%, high funding of art practice 100% and exhibition of art productions 98.4%, non-recognition of artists and their profession 93.7% were the most environmental influences against art practice in the metropolis. However, artists such as Diseye Tantua, Nkemakolam Alikor, Palmore Abassah and Pamela Isemikon Cyril-Egware were the few career artists of the metropolis whose works of painting, sculpture and textile design compete favourably with works of art across the globe. The works of these artists account for 14% of the works studied. The improvement on art practice in Port Harcourt metropolis can only be possible where funds are made available, adequate infrastructures be provided and conducive environment be created for art practice in the metropolis. This is 100% responses of the respondents. Findings were discussed and recommendations were made for this study. Finally, further studies were suggested in this study.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page – – – – – – – – – i
Certification – – – – – – – – – ii
Approval page – – – – – – – – iii
Acknowledgment – – – – – – – – iv
Dedication – . . – – – – – – v
Table of contents – – – – – – – – vi
List of Tables – – – – – – – – vii
List of Plates – – – – – – – – viii
Abstract – – – – – – – – – ix
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION – – – – – – – – 1
- Background of the Study- – – – – – 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem- – – – – – 7
1.3 Objective of the Study – – – – – – 8
1.4 Significance of the Study – – – – – 9
1.5 Research Questions- – – – – – – 9
1.6 Scope of the Study- – – – – – – 10
1.7 Definition of Terms- – – – – – – 11
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CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW – – – – – – – 12
2.0 Theoretical/Conceptual framework – – – – 12
2.1 Theoretical Framework – – – – – – – 12
2.2 The Concept and meaning of Artists – – – – 14
2.3 Studio Artists and Art Teachers – – – – – 17
2.4 The Concept and Meaning of Art Education
(Training in Practice)- – – – – – – 20
2.5 Artistic Attitude to Art Education and Challenges – – 25
2.6 Creativity and Challenges – – – – – 30
2.7 Art Profession in Port Harcourt and its Environs – – 34
2.8 Summary – – – – – – – – 36
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY – – – – – – – – 39
3.1 Design of the Study – – – – – – 39
3.2 Area of the Study – – – – – – – 39
3.3 Population of the Study – – – – – – 40
- Sample and Sampling Technique – – – – 40
- Instrument for Data Collection – – – – – 41
3.6 Validity of the Instrument – – – – – 42
3.7 Method of Data Collection – – – – – 43
3.8 Method of Data Analysis- – – – – – 43
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSES AND REVIEW OF SELECTED ARTISTS’ ART WORKS – – – – – – – 44
4.1.1 Research Question 1 – – – – – – 44
4.1.2 Research Question 2 – – – – – – 46
4.1.3 Distribution of Respondents’ Qualification- – – 49
4.1.4 Research Question 3 – – – – – – 53
4.1.5 Research Question 4 – – – – – – 54
4.2.1 Review of Selected Artists and Works – – – – 54
4.2.2 Leonardo Da Vinci – – – – – – – 55
4.2.3 Rembrandt Van Rijn – – – – – – – 62
4.2.4 Vincent Van Gogh – – – – – – – 63
4.2.5 Michelangelo – – – – – – – 65
4.2.6 Pablo Picasso – – – – – – – 69
4.3.1 Palace Sculpture – – – – – – – 72
4.3.2 Diseye Tantua – – – – – – – 74
4.3.3 Palmore Mathew Abassah – – – – – 79
4.3.4 Nkemakolam Alikor – – – – – – 86
4.3.5 Pamela Isemikon Cyril-Egware – – – – 93
CHAPTER FIVE
DISCUSSION OF RESULTS, CONCLUSION, IMPLICATIONS -RECOMMENDATIONS, LIMITATIONS, SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER STUDIES AND SUMMARY – – – – – – 97
5.1 Discussion of Results – – – – – – 97
5.1.1 Research Question 1 – – – – – – 97
5.1.2 Research Question 2 – – – – – – 98
5.1.3 Research Question 3 – – – – – – 99
5.1.4 Research Question 4 – – – – – – 100
5.2 Conclusion – – – – – – – – 101
5.3 Implications of the findings – – – – – 102
5.4 Recommendations – – – – – – 106
5.5 Limitations of the Study – – – – – 108
5.6 Suggestions for Further Studies – – – – 108
5.7 Summary – – – – – – – – 109
REFERENCES – – – – – – – 114
APPENDIX I – – – – – – – – 118
APPENDIX II- – – – – – – – 124
THE CHALLENGES OF CREATIVITY IN ART PRACTICE IN PORT HARCOURT METROPOLIS, NIGERIA
