PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT OF A DOUBLE SHELL HEAT EXCHANGER

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PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT OF A DOUBLE SHELL HEAT EXCHANGER

Abstract

Heat exchangers are easily one of the most important and widely used pieces of process equipment found in industrial sites. Regardless of the particular industry in question, it will likely require some type of temperature regulation, and for that exchanger and likely come into play. Heat exchangers may be used for either heating or cooling, however, in the industrial sector, particularly within plant refineries, they are overwhelmingly used for cooling.

They are many types of heat exchangers, each with its own advantages and drawbacks, yet tailored to best suit different purposes and industries. Heat exchangers have a very broad range of industrial applications. they are used as components of air conditioning and cooling systems or of heating systems. many industrial purposes call for a certain degree of heat function; however, typically great care must be taken to keep these processes from getting too hot. Within industrial plants and factories, heat exchangers are required to keep machinery, chemicals, water, and other substances within a safe operating temperature.

This research includes all the steps that have been implemented for the design of the heat exchanger (shell and tube) and the program (MATLAB) to make the necessary calculations for the heat exchanger.

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 A heat exchanger:

A heat exchanger is a device that is used to transfer thermal energy (enthalpy) between two or more fluids between a solid surface and a fluid or between solid particulates and fluid at different temperatures and in thermal contact. In heat exchangers, there are usually no external heat and work interactions. Typical applications involve heating or cooling of a fluid stream of concern and evaporation or condensation of single- or multi-component fluid streams. In other applications, the objective may be to recover or reject heat or sterilize pasteurize fractionate distill concentrate crystallize or control a process fluid. In a few heat exchangers, the fluids exchanging heat are in direct contact. In most heat exchangers heat transfer between fluids takes place through a separating wall or into and out of a wall in a transient manner. In many heat exchangers, the fluids are separated by a heat transfer surface, and ideally, they do not mix or leak. Such exchangers are referred to as direct transfer type or simply recuperate contrast exchangers in which there is intermittent heat exchange between the hot and cold fluids via thermal energy storage and release through the exchanger surface or matrix are referred to as indirect transfer type, or simply regenerators. Such exchangers usually have fluid leakage from one fluid stream to the other due to pressure differences and matrix rotation/valve switching. Common examples of heat exchangers are shell and tube exchangers automobile radiators condensers evaporator air pre-heaters and cooling towers. If no phase change occurs in any of the fluids in the exchanger it is sometimes referred to as a sensible heat exchanger. There could be internal thermal energy sources in the exchangers such as in electric heaters and nuclear fuel elements. Combustion and chemical reactions may take place within the exchanger such as in boilers fired heaters and fluidized-bed exchangers. Mechanical devices may be used in some exchangers such as in scraped surface exchangers agitated vessels and stirred tank reactors. Heat transfer in the separating wall of a recuperate generally takes place by conduction. However, in a heat pipe heat exchanger, the heat pipe not only acts as a separating wall but also facilitates the transfer of heat by condensation evaporation and conduction of the working fluid inside the heat pipe. In general, if the fluids are immiscible the separating wall may be eliminated and the interface between the fluids replaces a heat transfer surface as in a direct-contact heat exchanger.

1.2 The objectives:

  • To decide the size of pipes and material for the heat exchanger.
  • To decrease the losses in the exchanger.
  • To develop a computer program for design calculation.

4.1  Problem statement:

  1. Improvement performance of heat exchanger
  2. Increase the efficiency of heat exchangers.

1.5 Research assumptions:

The design of the heat exchanger (Shell and Tube) to cool the (NAFTA) . And to decrease the losses in the exchanger and chose the material of the exchanger and program calculation.

PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT OF A DOUBLE SHELL HEAT EXCHANGER

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