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A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE PREVALENCE, PATTERN, DETERMINANTS AND EFFECTS OF ELDER ABUSE IN AN URBAN AND A RURAL LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OFV LAGOS STATE.
Abstract
Elder abuse is gradually emerging as a significant public health and social problem in developing countries. Changing family and community support structures, economic environments, urbanization and shifts in values and practices are influencing the way elders are treated in the society. The prevalence of elder abuse which occurs in variety of ways in different social contexts may increase with rapidly aging population in many developing countries including Nigeria. This study was conducted to determine and compare the prevalence, pattern, determinants and effects of elder abuse among the elderly in an urban and a rural Local Government Area (LGA) of Lagos State.
Using a multistage sampling technique, 500 elderly respondents were selected from Surulere and Ikorodu LGA. Data was collected through quantitative and qualitative methods. A pretested interviewer- administered questionnaire and FGDs were used to collect information from the respondents. Data was analyzed with IBM SPSS 20 and summarized using frequencies and proportions. Chi-square statistics was used to test for associations between variables and independent t-test was used for comparison of means with p-value assumed to be significant at p≤0.05. Binary logistic regression was used to predict the outcome of dependent variables. The FGDs were analyzed using framework analysis to derive categories and themes.
The overall prevalence of elder abuse was 22.8% in the last 12 months. The prevalence of elder abuse was higher among the urban (29.6%) than the rural respondents (16%), p<0.001. Psychological abuse was the most prevalent form of elder abuse and its prevalence was higher
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among the urban (25.6%) than the rural respondents (8.8%), p<0.001. The other types of elder abuse did not show any statistically significant difference in the urban and rural LGA. The prevalence of financial and physical abuse in this study was 7.0% and 3.4% respectively. Sexual abuse and neglect were the least reported forms of elder abuse.
The predictors of elder abuse among urban respondents include presence of financial dependants {OR:2.19 (95% CI: 1.21-3.94) and lack of satisfaction with level of involvement in social activities {OR: 2.15 (95% CI: 1.20-3.84)}. Psychological abuse in the rural location was predicted by the lack of financial support {OR: 2.88 (95% CI: 1.04-7.97)}. Financial abuse in the urban areas was best predicted by the presence of financial dependants {OR: 2.86 (95% CI: 1.02-8.04)}.The respondents who had experienced physical abuse had significantly worse total social support scores (38.75±9.87) in the urban areas compared to those who had not experienced physical abuse (44.64±4.93); p=0.002. Significantly worse total social support scores was also reported for those who had experienced neglect (26.33±12.42) in rural areas compared to those with no experience of neglect (43.53±11.60); p=0.011.
Perception of what constitutes elder abuse in the community includes being ignored, disrespected, being required to pay bills and administrative bottlenecks encountered when trying to collect retirement benefits. Focus group discussants suggested high unemployment rates of the youths, peer pressure and modernization as possible factors responsible for elder abuse.
Most of the victims of elder abuse, 60.8% in urban and 42.5% in rural reported being angry as a result of elder abuse while only the experience of neglect in the urban LGA was associated with depression.
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CONCLUSION: Recommendations include creating social support groups and opportunities for social interaction among elderly peers in the community, establishing welfare programs, improving socio-economic conditions in the community, and improving family and community bonds with the elderly through awareness creation.
Title Page———i
Certification——–ii
Dedication———iii
Acknowledgement——-iv
Abstract ———vi
Table of Content——–vii
Chapter One
1.0 Introduction ——-1
1.1 Statement of Problem——4
1.2 Purpose of the Study——5
1.3 Significance of Study——8
1.4 Limitation——–9
1.5 Scope of Study——-11
Chapter Two
2.0 Review of Related Literature —-12
2.6 Summary of Literature Review—- 19
Chapter Three
3.0 Research Methodology and Procedure—22
3.1 Population ——–22
3.2 Sample and Sampling Technique—-22
3.3 Validation of the Instrument —-23
3.4 Reliability of the Instrument —–23
3.5 Data Analysis——-23
Chapter Four
4.0 Presentation and Discussion of Result—24
4.1 Analysis and interpretaion of Data—25
4.2 Discussion of Results——38
Chapter Five
5.0. Summary, Conclusion, and Recommendation –40
5.1 Summary——–40
5.2 Conclusion——–41
5.3 Recommendation——42
References ———45
Appendix 1——–47
Appendix ———50
