A STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PRACTICE OF CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REDUCTION MEASURES AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK AMONG URBAN AND RURAL PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS OF ANAMBRA STATE;

A STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PRACTICE OF CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REDUCTION MEASURES AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK AMONG URBAN AND RURAL PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS OF ANAMBRA STATE;

Abstract

Introduction
Cardiovascular diseases are a group of diseases that affect the heart and blood vessels. They are the leading course of deaths globally.
Methods
The study was a cross sectional comparative study to assess the relationship between the awareness and practice of cardiovascular disease risk reduction measures and the risk for cardiovascular diseases among urban and rural primary school teachers in Anambra State. Data was collected from teachers between 38 to 59 years using both quantitative and qualitative methods. A pre-tested and semi-structured interviewer administered questionnaire was used, anthropometric and laboratory measurements of cholesterol level was done. Qualitative data was analysed using Institute for Business Management- Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (IBM-SPSS) version 22.
Test of associations were done using chi-square and logistics regressions. Level of significance set was at 5%. Focus group discussions were done and analysed using coding and thematic content analysis.
Result
A total of 320 respondents were surveyed. The mean age was 50.78±5.13 and a significant variation exist in age with older teachers being more in the rural areas p<0.01. Respondents were mainly females (97.81%) and most respondents have postgraduate degree (71.56%). Over 90% were married and nearly 60% of respondents were Catholics.
Awareness of cardiovascular disease was high 82.81%. Commonest source of information was the media.
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Awareness varied in urban and rural respondents. Whereas urban respondents were more aware of cardiovascular disease, rural respondents had better awareness of exercise as a risk reduction measures and had better practice (p<0.05). Obesity was more among urban respondents but blood pressure rise was more in the rural respondents while no variation existed in their cholesterol levels. A significant association was recorded between rise in blood pressure and obesity. Cholesterol levels, BMI, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and risk score for developing cardiovascular diseases all increased with increasing age. Multivariate analysis revealed predictors of risk for cardiovascular disease as age [OR:11.4(95% (1:6.0-21.7] , systolic blood pressure [OR: 0.3(95%(1:0.1-0.6) and cholesterol [OR:0.3(95%(1:01-0.7).
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
The risk of developing cardiovascular disease increased with increasing age and since older teachers were in the rural areas the risk was higher amongst rural respondents. No association was found between the awareness of cardiovascular disease and/or practice of cardiovascular disease. Efforts should be made to improve on the diets and exercise of primary school teachers inorder to modify the increasing risk from aging.

Title Page———i

Certification——–ii

Dedication———iii

Acknowledgement——-iv

Abstract ———vi

Table of Content——–vii

 

Chapter One

1.0 Introduction ——-1

1.1 Statement of Problem——4

1.2 Purpose of the Study——5

1.3 Significance of Study——8

1.4 Limitation——–9

1.5 Scope of Study——-11

 

Chapter Two

2.0 Review of Related Literature —-12

2.6 Summary of Literature Review—- 19

 

Chapter Three

3.0 Research Methodology and Procedure—22

3.1 Population ——–22

3.2 Sample and Sampling Technique—-22

3.3 Validation of the Instrument —-23

3.4 Reliability of the Instrument —–23

3.5 Data Analysis——-23

 

Chapter Four

4.0 Presentation and Discussion of Result—24

4.1 Analysis and interpretaion of Data—25

4.2 Discussion of Results——38

 

Chapter Five

5.0. Summary, Conclusion, and Recommendation  –40

5.1 Summary——–40

5.2 Conclusion——–41

5.3 Recommendation——42

References ———45

Appendix 1——–47

Appendix ———50

A STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PRACTICE OF CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REDUCTION MEASURES AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK AMONG URBAN AND RURAL PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS OF ANAMBRA STATE;

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