AN ASSESSMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS AMONG WORKERS IN AN AGRO-ALLIED COMPANY IN IBADAN, OYO STATE, NIGERIA.

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AN ASSESSMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS AMONG WORKERS IN AN AGRO-ALLIED COMPANY IN IBADAN, OYO STATE, NIGERIA.

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases is increasing globally. Several modifiable risk factors such as tobacco use, excessive alcohol consumption, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity and job stress contribute to the rising disease burden. The rapid epidemiological transitions currently taking place in low and middle income countries (LIMICs) have resulted in the growing burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) driven by increase cardiovascular risk factors (CRFs) in this region. The public awareness of cardiovascular risk factors in industrial settings in Nigeria is largely unexplored. This study aimed to assess cardiovascular risk factors and the influence of job conditions on the risk profile among workers in an agro-allied industry in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
Methods: This was a nested case-control study in a cross-sectional study. An initial cross-sectional descriptive survey of workers of CHI LTD, Ajanla Farms Ibadan was carried out to find out those with cardiovascular risk factors. Further exploration of the influence of job conditions on the cardiovascular risk factors was done using the case-control design. A total of 510 participants were surveyed. The total population of the workers were surveyed excluding workers who were less than six month in employment. All consenting workers present at the time of the study were interviewed and examined. Information was obtained from the participants, using pre-tested interviewer assisted questionnaires developed using the WHO STEPwise approach to chronic disease risk surveillance. Cardiovascular risk factors were defined using World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Data on respondents’ awareness of cardiovascular risk factors, prevalence of risk factors and the effects of job conditions on the selected cardiovascular risk factors were computed. Data were summarised using proportions, charts and χ2 test. Odds ratio was used to explore associations
categorical variables. Predictors of cardiovascular risk factors were determined using binary logistic regression. Level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.
Results: The mean age of the respondents was 34 ± 9.7 years. The respondents were mostly males 90.6%. Overall, a significant proportion of the workers were aware of the common cardiovascular risk factors. Unhealthy diet and overweight/obesity 54.7% were the least recognized cardiovascular risk factors. The most prevalent risk factors were; unhealthy diet 89.8%, physical inactivity 66.5%, hypertension 37.1%, overweight/obesity 17.8%, alcohol abuse 15.1%, tobacco use 6.9% and family history 14.5%. Thirty three point one (33.1%) of workers were respondents with cardiovascular risk factors. The study found out that occupational status/job condition significantly influenced cardiovascular risk factors, as being an office worker increased risk of cardiovascular disease, i.e. being a field worker significantly reduced the odds of cardiovascular risk by 52%. OR = 0.52 (0.344 – 0.796). However shift work, job stress and work duration did not significantly increase the risk of having cardiovascular risk factors.
Conclusion: This study identified that thirty three point three percent (33.1%) of workers were at risk of cardiovascular diseases. The only significant job condition which influenced cardiovascular risk factors (CRFs) was being a sedentary/office worker.
Recommendation: Health promotion, to encourage change of lifestyle and incorporation of opportunities for exercise for sedentary/office workers are recommended to reduce the burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in this study population. More research on cardiovascular risk factors in workplaces was also recommended.

Title Page———i

Certification——–ii

Dedication———iii

Acknowledgement——-iv

Abstract ———vi

Table of Content——–vii

 

Chapter One

1.0 Introduction ——-1

1.1 Statement of Problem——4

1.2 Purpose of the Study——5

1.3 Significance of Study——8

1.4 Limitation——–9

1.5 Scope of Study——-11

 

Chapter Two

2.0 Review of Related Literature —-12

2.6 Summary of Literature Review—- 19

 

Chapter Three

3.0 Research Methodology and Procedure—22

3.1 Population ——–22

3.2 Sample and Sampling Technique—-22

3.3 Validation of the Instrument —-23

3.4 Reliability of the Instrument —–23

3.5 Data Analysis——-23

 

Chapter Four

4.0 Presentation and Discussion of Result—24

4.1 Analysis and interpretaion of Data—25

4.2 Discussion of Results——38

 

Chapter Five

5.0. Summary, Conclusion, and Recommendation  –40

5.1 Summary——–40

5.2 Conclusion——–41

5.3 Recommendation——42

References ———45

Appendix 1——–47

Appendix ———50

AN ASSESSMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS AMONG WORKERS IN AN AGRO-ALLIED COMPANY IN IBADAN, OYO STATE, NIGERIA.

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