PATTERN AND DETERMINANTS OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS AMONG CHILDREN ATTENDING PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN A RURAL AND AN URBAN COMMUNITY IN OSUN STATE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

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PATTERN AND DETERMINANTS OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS AMONG CHILDREN ATTENDING PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN A RURAL AND AN URBAN COMMUNITY IN OSUN STATE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

Abstract

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Childhood undernutrition has been the major problem among children in low-income countries. Nevertheless, owing to progressive urbanization and the associated changes in lifestyle, childhood overweight/obesity is becoming an equally challenging, yet under-recognized problem in many emerging countries. This study therefore aimed to determine the prevalence of underweight and overweight/obesity and to compare the pattern and determinants of nutritional status among children attending primary schools in two communities, one rural and the other urban, in Osun state, Nigeria.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross sectional analytical study was carried out among school-age children attending primary/elementary schools in a purposefully selected rural (Boripe Local Government Area) and urban (Osogbo Local Government Area) communities of Osun State. Three hundred respondents each were selected from the rural and urban communities using multi-stage sampling technique. Information from respondents was obtained using pre-tested semi-structured questionnaires and their weights and heights were measured and used to calculate their Body Mass Index (BMI). The BMI was used to classify them into those underweight, normal and overweight/obese using the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) criteria. Data analysis was done with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.
RESULTS: There were significant differences in the religion, tribes, number of children in the families and family settings of children in the urban and rural communities. The children also differed significantly in their nutrition history, activity patterns and intestinal helminthic infection patterns according to their residence. The mean Body Mass Index (BMI) for children in the urban and rural communities were 16.24 ± 2.42 and 14.90 ± 2.02 respectively
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and this difference was also statistically significant. Using the WHO growth reference for school-age children, the prevalence rates of underweight and overweight/obesity in the rural community were 41.0% and 0.0% respectively; and 18.3% and 14.7% in the urban community respectively. With the IOTF criteria, the prevalence rates of underweight and overweight/obesity in the rural community were 36.7% and 0.0% respectively; and 17.3% and 9.7% in the urban community respectively. Socio-demographic characteristics like family size and family setting were significantly associated with nutritional status, while nearly all the variables used to estimate the socio-economic status were significantly associated with the nutritional status of the children. The feeding patterns, activity patterns and intestinal helminthic infection were also significantly associated with the nutritional status of the children.
CONCLUSION: The study concluded that undernutrition is still a major problem among school-age children in Osun State, especially for those living in rural communities. There is also a rising trend of overweight/obesity in the urban communities in the State. The factors associated with these patterns of nutritional status among the school-age children included socio-demographic and socio-economic factors, feeding patterns, activity patterns and intestinal helminthic infection. A comprehensive school health programme for the primary schools with emphasis on good nutrition is hereby recommended. Decision makers in primary education should also include sports as a mandatory component of primary school education in Nigeria.

Title Page———i

Certification——–ii

Dedication———iii

Acknowledgement——-iv

Abstract ———vi

Table of Content——–vii

 

Chapter One

1.0 Introduction ——-1

1.1 Statement of Problem——4

1.2 Purpose of the Study——5

1.3 Significance of Study——8

1.4 Limitation——–9

1.5 Scope of Study——-11

 

Chapter Two

2.0 Review of Related Literature —-12

2.6 Summary of Literature Review—- 19

 

Chapter Three

3.0 Research Methodology and Procedure—22

3.1 Population ——–22

3.2 Sample and Sampling Technique—-22

3.3 Validation of the Instrument —-23

3.4 Reliability of the Instrument —–23

3.5 Data Analysis——-23

 

Chapter Four

4.0 Presentation and Discussion of Result—24

4.1 Analysis and interpretaion of Data—25

4.2 Discussion of Results——38

 

Chapter Five

5.0. Summary, Conclusion, and Recommendation  –40

5.1 Summary——–40

5.2 Conclusion——–41

5.3 Recommendation——42

References ———45

Appendix 1——–47

Appendix ———50

PATTERN AND DETERMINANTS OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS AMONG CHILDREN ATTENDING PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN A RURAL AND AN URBAN COMMUNITY IN OSUN STATE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

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