COMPARACTIVE STUDY OF SHARED RISK FACTORS FOR NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES IN A RURAL AND AN URBAN COMMUNITY IN LAGOS STATE

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COMPARACTIVE STUDY OF SHARED RISK FACTORS FOR NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES IN A RURAL AND AN URBAN COMMUNITY IN LAGOS STATE

Abstract

Introduction Noncommunicable diseases including cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes mellitus, chronic respiratory disease are a major public health concern globally and particularly in developing and low- and- middle- income countries where the increasing burden threatens to overwhelm already stretched health services. NCDs have common underlying risk factors which can be prevented.
Aim- The aim of this study was to determine and compare the knowledge and attitude regarding the shared NCD risk factors and their prevalence, in a rural and an urban community in Lagos State.
Methodology- This was a comparative cross-sectional study. A multi- stage sampling technique was used to select a total of three hundred adults aged 25-64 years from a rural and an urban community (one hundred and fifty from each). A semi-structured, standardized pre-tested interviewer administered questionnaire (adapted WHO STEPS questionnaire) was used for quantitative data collection of information on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge and attitude, behavioral risk factors, physical and biochemical measurements. Data analysis was done using SPSS 20.0 statistical package.
Results- The prevalence of current alcohol consumption was higher in the urban (25.3%) when compared to the rural (16.0%). There were more current tobacco smokers in the rural (6.6%) than in the urban (5.3%). The mean number of servings of fruit and vegetables per day was lower in the rural (1.40 ± 0.49) than in the urban (1.57 ± 0.49) and the prevalence of physical inactivity was higher (66.0%) in the rural community than in the urban at 46.6%. The rural females had a higher prevalence of physical inactivity (66.6%) than the urban females (25.3%). Seventy-two respondents (48.0%) had BMI > 25kg/m2 (overweight/obese) in the rural and fifty-seven
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(38.0%) in the urban were overweight/obese. The overall prevalence for hypertension was higher in the rural than in the urban population (31.3%). Among the rural Respondents, thirty-nine (26.0%) had hyperglycemia and forty-nine (32.7%) among the urban. Hypercholesterolemia was higher ( 9.3%) among the rural than among the urban respondents (26.0%).
Conclusion- The study revealed a high burden of shared risk factors for noncommunicable diseases in both the rural and urban areas with the rural population having higher prevalences of some risk factors than the urban.
Recommendations- Unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, tobacco and alcohol use, overweight and obesity have been identified as major risk factors in both communities. These risk factors are lifestyle-related and can be prevented. Therefore primary prevention strategies must be at the forefront of the fight to reduce prevalence rates and must include broad based community interventions and secondary prevention. Community education and target of high risk individuals are actions to be taken by health authorities, while individuals will thereby be empowered to make healthy lifestyle choices.

Title Page———i

Certification——–ii

Dedication———iii

Acknowledgement——-iv

Abstract ———vi

Table of Content——–vii

 

Chapter One

1.0 Introduction ——-1

1.1 Statement of Problem——4

1.2 Purpose of the Study——5

1.3 Significance of Study——8

1.4 Limitation——–9

1.5 Scope of Study——-11

 

Chapter Two

2.0 Review of Related Literature —-12

2.6 Summary of Literature Review—- 19

 

Chapter Three

3.0 Research Methodology and Procedure—22

3.1 Population ——–22

3.2 Sample and Sampling Technique—-22

3.3 Validation of the Instrument —-23

3.4 Reliability of the Instrument —–23

3.5 Data Analysis——-23

 

Chapter Four

4.0 Presentation and Discussion of Result—24

4.1 Analysis and interpretaion of Data—25

4.2 Discussion of Results——38

 

Chapter Five

5.0. Summary, Conclusion, and Recommendation  –40

5.1 Summary——–40

5.2 Conclusion——–41

5.3 Recommendation——42

References ———45

Appendix 1——–47

Appendix ———50

COMPARACTIVE STUDY OF SHARED RISK FACTORS FOR NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES IN A RURAL AND AN URBAN COMMUNITY IN LAGOS STATE

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