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EFFECT OF HEALTH EDUCATION ON CAREGIVERS’ KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE OF HOME-MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS IN UNDER-FIVES IN ISSELE-AZAGBA, DELTA STATE
Abstract
SUMMARY
Introduction – Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are one of the leading causes of under-five mortality especially in developing countries. Caregivers play a major role in the management of under-five ARIs. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of health education on caregivers’ knowledge, attitude and practice of appropriate home management of ARIs in under-fives in Issele-Azagba, Delta state.
Materials and methods – A non-randomized, controlled intervention study was carried out among 139 caregivers of under-fives in Issele-Azagba, Delta state using 139 caregivers of under-fives in Ekwuoma community also in Delta state as controls. The respondents were selected using a multi-stage sampling method from both groups. Baseline data was collected using a pre-tested, semi-structured, interviewer administered questionnaire. A health education programme based on the ‘Health Belief Model’ was carried out among the caregivers in the intervention group using a video clip, flipchart, role plays, health talks, information leaflets and posters. Post-intervention data collection took place three months later. Epi-info 2008 version was employed in the data analysis.
Results – A total of 278 caregivers of under-fives participated in the baseline study. Awareness of home-management of ARIs among the respondents increased from 78.4% at baseline to 100% post intervention in the intervention group and from 88.5% to 89.2% in the
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control group. All the respondents (100%) in the intervention and 98.6% in control groups respectively had poor level of knowledge at baseline. Majority of the respondents (97.1% in the intervention group and 86.3% in the control group) had negative attitude towards home management of ARIs at baseline. Also, majority of the respondents (94.2%) in both intervention and control groups respectively had poor level of practice of appropriate home management of ARIs in under-fives at baseline. Under-fives with symptoms of ARI were dressed in warm clothes when it was cold by 26.5% and 21.6% of respondents in the intervention and control groups respectively. None of the respondents in the intervention group and 2.7% in the control had practiced steam inhalation. Only 2.4% of the respondents in the intervention group and 9.5% in the control group had given the sick child warm drinks. Only 2.4% and 2.7% in the intervention and control groups respectively had washed their hands with soap and water in association with managing under-five ARIs at home. Regarding inappropriate management, majority of the respondents (75.9% in the intervention and 56.8% in the control group) had inappropriately given antibiotics and 68.8% in the intervention and 54.1% in the control group respectively had given cough syrup for the treatment of common cold/viral ARIs at home. Post intervention, in the general performance score, there was a statistically significant increase of 41% in the proportion of respondents with a better level of knowledge in the intervention group from baseline. (P<0.05) Also, the proportion of respondents with positive attitude increased significantly by 77% from baseline. There was also a statistically significant increase in the proportion of respondents with a better level of practice in the intervention group by 30.9% from baseline. There was no statistically significant positive change observed in the awareness, knowledge, attitude or practice of the respondents in the control group, post intervention.
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Conclusion: The health education programme was effective at improving the knowledge, modifying the attitude and improving the practices of caregivers regarding appropriate home management of ARIs in under-fives in the intervention group.
Recommendations: To strengthen community health education of caregivers especially mothers and to train community resource persons on appropriate home management of ARIs in under-fives. These interventions should be aimed at prevention, identification danger signs and timely home-management of ARI cases.
Title Page———i
Certification——–ii
Dedication———iii
Acknowledgement——-iv
Abstract ———vi
Table of Content——–vii
Chapter One
1.0 Introduction ——-1
1.1 Statement of Problem——4
1.2 Purpose of the Study——5
1.3 Significance of Study——8
1.4 Limitation——–9
1.5 Scope of Study——-11
Chapter Two
2.0 Review of Related Literature —-12
2.6 Summary of Literature Review—- 19
Chapter Three
3.0 Research Methodology and Procedure—22
3.1 Population ——–22
3.2 Sample and Sampling Technique—-22
3.3 Validation of the Instrument —-23
3.4 Reliability of the Instrument —–23
3.5 Data Analysis——-23
Chapter Four
4.0 Presentation and Discussion of Result—24
4.1 Analysis and interpretaion of Data—25
4.2 Discussion of Results——38
Chapter Five
5.0. Summary, Conclusion, and Recommendation –40
5.1 Summary——–40
5.2 Conclusion——–41
5.3 Recommendation——42
References ———45
Appendix 1——–47
Appendix ———50
