EFFECT OF HEALTH EDUCATION ON CERVICAL CANCER SCREENING UPTAKE BY FEMALE STAFF OF ADENIRAN OGUNSANYA COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, LAGOS

EFFECT OF HEALTH EDUCATION ON CERVICAL CANCER SCREENING UPTAKE BY FEMALE STAFF OF ADENIRAN OGUNSANYA COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, LAGOS

Abstract

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the commonest reproductive tract malignancy among women in the world and the commonest or second most common in women in developing countries of Sub-Saharan Africa, Central America, South and South East-Asia. In countries where screening quality and coverage have been high PAP smear has reduced invasive cancer by 70-90%. Unfortunately, only 5% of women in developing countries undergo cervical screening compared to 40-50% in the developed world.The aim of this study was to assess the effect of health education on cervical cancer screening uptake by female staff of Adeniran Ogunsanya College of Education.
Method: A multi-stage sampling technique was used in selecting participants for the study. There were three colleges of Education in Lagos State, Adeniran Ogunsanya College of Education, Otto-Ijanikin, was the intervention group. The control, Federal College of Education, Technical, Akoka, was selected by simple random sampling by balloting. The third school was Michael Otedola College of Primary Education, Noforija, Epe. Systematic random sampling was used to select 320 participants, 160 each from the intervention group and from the control. A base-line survey on knowledge of cervical cancer and its prevention, attitude towards screening and uptake of cervical cancer screening with PAP smear was conducted using peer reviewed, semi-structured, pre-tested, self administered questionnaires in both the intervention group and the control. Educational sessions were conducted for the intervention group on cervical cancer and its prevention over a period of four weeks. Five months after the intervention, the same questionnaires used for the base-line survey were administered to both the intervention and the control groups to assess the effect of health education on the intervention group.
Results: The respondents were between 20 and 60years, a high proportion were in the thirties and forties, majority were into monogamous marriage and had tertiary education. At the baseline, the respondents had low knowledge of cervical cancer and its prevention, intervention group, 5.8%, the control, 5.7% ; good attitudes towards screening with PAP smear, 74.7% in the intervention, 85.3% in
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the control, but low uptake of PAP smear, 4.5% in the intervention and 3.8% in the control. Health education resulted in statistically significant increases in knowledge of cervical cancer (percentage change 81.4%; p= 0.00) and attitudes towards uptake of PAP smear in the intervention group (percentage change 19.5%; p=0.001). It also produced appreciable increase in the uptake of PAP smear among respondents in the intervention (percentage change 6.8%; p= 0.06). There was however no statistically significant change in the knowledge of cervical cancer and its prevention (percentage change 2.7%; p= 0.35), attitudes towards uptake of PAP smear (percentage change 1.1%; p = 0.71) and uptake of PAP smear (p = 0.50) among respondents in the control. A statistically significant higher proportion of the respondents in the intervention group uptake PAP smear (p=0.001) compared with the control.
Conclusion and recommendation: Health education was effective in increasing cervical cancer screening uptake. The Federal Ministry of Health should integrate cervical cancer screening services (VIA and VILI) with maternal, newborn and child health services at the level of primary health centres and strengthen the capacity of the secondary health facilities to make cervical cancer screening with (PAP smear) available, accessible, acceptable, affordable or even free in order to increase cervical cancer screening coverage in the community and the country.

Title Page———i

Certification——–ii

Dedication———iii

Acknowledgement——-iv

Abstract ———vi

Table of Content——–vii

 

Chapter One

1.0 Introduction ——-1

1.1 Statement of Problem——4

1.2 Purpose of the Study——5

1.3 Significance of Study——8

1.4 Limitation——–9

1.5 Scope of Study——-11

 

Chapter Two

2.0 Review of Related Literature —-12

2.6 Summary of Literature Review—- 19

 

Chapter Three

3.0 Research Methodology and Procedure—22

3.1 Population ——–22

3.2 Sample and Sampling Technique—-22

3.3 Validation of the Instrument —-23

3.4 Reliability of the Instrument —–23

3.5 Data Analysis——-23

 

Chapter Four

4.0 Presentation and Discussion of Result—24

4.1 Analysis and interpretaion of Data—25

4.2 Discussion of Results——38

 

Chapter Five

5.0. Summary, Conclusion, and Recommendation  –40

5.1 Summary——–40

5.2 Conclusion——–41

5.3 Recommendation——42

References ———45

Appendix 1——–47

Appendix ———50

EFFECT OF HEALTH EDUCATION ON CERVICAL CANCER SCREENING UPTAKE BY FEMALE STAFF OF ADENIRAN OGUNSANYA COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, LAGOS

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