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A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ANTHROPOMETRIC INDICES AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS AMONG ADULTS IN URBAN AND RURAL LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS OF LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA.
Abstract
Body fat distribution represents an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. However, increasing evidence has shown that abdominal adiposity has a direct influence on health and that it correlates with health risks to a greater extent than does adipose tissues in other regions of the body. The study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity, anthropometric indices and compare their relationship with selected cardiovascular risk factors among adults aged 20years and above in an urban (Surulere) and a rural (Ibeju-Lekki) LGA of Lagos State. A community based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted using a multi-stage random sampling technique.
The results showed that the mean age of the respondents was 35.8+12.0years in Surulere LGA compared to 35.5+12.2years in Ibeju-Lekki LGA. The
male:female ratio was 1:1.3 in Surulere LGA compared to 1:2.3 in Ibeju-Lekki LGA. The mean BMI was 25.2+ 6.7kg/m2 for Surulere LGA compared to 26.1+ 4.8kg/m2 Ibeju-Lekki LGA. The difference was found to be statistically significant (P-value = 0.0000).
The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were 28.1% and 14.2% in Surulere LGA compared to 32.9% and 22.9% in Ibeju-Lekki LGA respectively. There differences were found to be statistically significant (P-value = 0.0134). The mean waist circumference, WHR and WHtR of respondents in Surulere LGA were lower than that of Ibeju-Lekki LGA. The difference was found to be statistically significant for WC and WHtR (P-value = 0.0129). The prevalence rates of cardiovascular risk factors such as alcohol intake, cigarette smoking and physical activity in Surulere LGA were higher than that of Ibeju-Lekki LGA. The difference was found to be statistically significant in case of alcohol consumption alone (P-value = 0.0212). The prevalence rates of systolic and diastolic blood pressure were higher in Surulere LGA compared to Ibeju-Lekki LGA.
The relationship between the body mass index and the systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the two LGA was found to be statistically significant (P-value = 0.0000) but a stronger correlation was observed in Surulere LGA. Similarly, the relationship between the waist circumference and systolic and diastolic blood pressure was found to be statistically significant and positively correlated with a stronger correlation in Surulere LGA. It was concluded that there were more overweight and obese adults in Ibeju-Lekki LGA compared to Surulere LGA, although, the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors was higher in Surulere LGA compared to Ibeju-Lekki LGA.
It was recommended that the inclusion of the anthropometric measurements in the screening for and management of cardiovascular diseases will ensure that viscera obesity is identified early for prompt treatment and prevention.
Title Page———i
Certification——–ii
Dedication———iii
Acknowledgement——-iv
Abstract ———vi
Table of Content——–vii
Chapter One
1.0 Introduction ——-1
1.1 Statement of Problem——4
1.2 Purpose of the Study——5
1.3 Significance of Study——8
1.4 Limitation——–9
1.5 Scope of Study——-11
Chapter Two
2.0 Review of Related Literature —-12
2.6 Summary of Literature Review—- 19
Chapter Three
3.0 Research Methodology and Procedure—22
3.1 Population ——–22
3.2 Sample and Sampling Technique—-22
3.3 Validation of the Instrument —-23
3.4 Reliability of the Instrument —–23
3.5 Data Analysis——-23
Chapter Four
4.0 Presentation and Discussion of Result—24
4.1 Analysis and interpretaion of Data—25
4.2 Discussion of Results——38
Chapter Five
5.0. Summary, Conclusion, and Recommendation –40
5.1 Summary——–40
5.2 Conclusion——–41
5.3 Recommendation——42
References ———45
Appendix 1——–47
Appendix ———50
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ANTHROPOMETRIC INDICES AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS AMONG ADULTS IN URBAN AND RURAL LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS OF LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA.
