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SAVE NEEDLESS SAVE LIVES: IMPROVING THE KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE IN INJECTION SAFETY AMONGST STUDENT NURSES OF THE UNIVERSITY OF BENIN TEACHING HOSPITAL
Abstract
Background & Objectives: The World Health Organization estimates that at least 50% of the developing world’s injections are unsafe and pose serious health risks to the recipient, health workers and the public. Nigeria has been identified as a country with poor injection practices among health care workers and patients. This study aimed at improving the knowledge and practice of injection safety amongst student nurses of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Edo State, Nigeria. A look at the curriculum of the nurses showed that certain aspects of injection safety were not included.
Methodology: This quasi-experimental study was conducted between the 24th of January and the 8th of June amongst 106 student nurses of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital using 115 students of the State School of Nursing as controls. A total population was used for the study. Every nursing student who had spent one year in the school was recruited for the study. Information was obtained from the respondents using a self-administered questionnaire and an observational checklist.
Results: The mean age of the subjects was 23.6 ± 3.7 years, while the mean age for the controls was 24.2 ± 3.6 years. Majority of the subjects (60.4%) and controls (60%) were in the age group 20-24 and were also females (88.7% and 85.2% for subjects and controls respectively). More subjects (54.7%) and controls (53.1%) were in the 300 level classes. Majority of the subjects (90.6%) and controls (88.7%) were single. The subjects and controls were mainly Bini (42.5%, 43.5%) and Ishan (23.6%, 26.0%). The total population (100%) of subjects and controls were Christians. There was a marked increase in the overall knowledge of injection safety amongst subjects from a baseline knowledge of 42% to 82% following intervention and this difference was
found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). There was a slight increase in knowledge of injection safety amongst controls from a baseline of 45% to 47% but this increase was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Comparing baseline knowledge of injection safety amongst subjects and controls there was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05), however, there was a statistically significant difference following intervention (p<0.05). The incidence of needle stick injury (11.3%) reduced amongst subjects (to 4.9%) and this reduction was statistically significant. The decrease in incidence amongst controls (12.2 to 11.3) was not statistically significant. Of the 12 subjects who had suffered needle stick injury pre-intervention only 2 (16.7%) had a fair knowledge of the steps to take and of the 14 that had suffered needle stick injuries amongst the controls just 1 (7.1%) knew what to do. Following training intervention 5 of the subjects suffered needle stick injury and all 5 (100%) had very good knowledge of what to do, and of the 13 that suffered needle stick injury amongst the controls just 1 (7.7%) had fair knowledge of what to do.
Conclusion: There was poor knowledge and practice of injection safety amongst student nurses of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital which was significantly improved following training intervention. In the light of these findings it was urgently recommended that the training curriculum in Schools of Nursing and Midwifery should be reviewed to include lectures and training in relevant areas of injection safety, that the WHO/AFRO/JSI Do No Harm Facilitator’s Guide should be provided to all nursing schools so tutors and students can have easy access and that Tutors in Schools of Nursing all over the nation should be trained on the subject of injection safety as one can only give out what he/she has.
Title Page———i
Certification——–ii
Dedication———iii
Acknowledgement——-iv
Abstract ———vi
Table of Content——–vii
Chapter One
1.0 Introduction ——-1
1.1 Statement of Problem——4
1.2 Purpose of the Study——5
1.3 Significance of Study——8
1.4 Limitation——–9
1.5 Scope of Study——-11
Chapter Two
2.0 Review of Related Literature —-12
2.6 Summary of Literature Review—- 19
Chapter Three
3.0 Research Methodology and Procedure—22
3.1 Population ——–22
3.2 Sample and Sampling Technique—-22
3.3 Validation of the Instrument —-23
3.4 Reliability of the Instrument —–23
3.5 Data Analysis——-23
Chapter Four
4.0 Presentation and Discussion of Result—24
4.1 Analysis and interpretaion of Data—25
4.2 Discussion of Results——38
Chapter Five
5.0. Summary, Conclusion, and Recommendation –40
5.1 Summary——–40
5.2 Conclusion——–41
5.3 Recommendation——42
References ———45
Appendix 1——–47
Appendix ———50
