IMPACT OF DRUG TREATMENT AND HEALTH EDUCATION ON THE PREVALENCE AND KNOWLEDGE OF URINARY SCHISTOSOMIASIS AMONGST 5-19 YEAR OLDS IN MARTIN VILLAGE, BAUCHI

IMPACT OF DRUG TREATMENT AND HEALTH EDUCATION ON THE PREVALENCE AND KNOWLEDGE OF URINARY SCHISTOSOMIASIS AMONGST 5-19 YEAR OLDS IN MARTIN VILLAGE, BAUCHI

Abstract

BACKGROUND:
Urinary schistosomiasis is a disease of the urogenital system transmitted by the trematode Schistosoma haematobium through an intermediate host (Bulinus species) found in fresh water. Man is infected following the penetration of the skin by the infective stage of the larva (cercariae) in fresh water. The major symptom of the disease is terminal haematuria. Other symptoms are lower abdominal pain, cough and chest pain. Urinary bladder cancer and hepato-billiary diseases are some of the late complications of schistosomiasis.
Schistosomiasis is a disease associated with lack of potable drinking water and poor sanitation, Therefore, drug treatment and Health education may go a long way in reducing the prevalence of schistosomiasis in our community. The disease affects both sexes with preponderance for males and school-aged children harbor about seventy percentage of the infection burden in some communities.
OBJECTIVES:
The aim of the study was to determine the impact of Praziquantel treatment on the prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis and the effects of health education on the knowledge and practices about urinary schistosomiasis amongst the 5 – 19 year olds in Martin village.
METHODOLOGY:
Four hundred and eleven subjects were selected using multistage sampling technique. Semi-structured interviewer administered questionnaires were used to interview the subjects. Their urine specimens were collected and analyzed for the
presence of Schistosoma haematobium ova, before and after health education. Three sessions of lectures and demonstrations using posters and flip charts about urinary schistosomiasis were used for the Health education. Those found with Schistosoma haematobium ova were treated with praziquantel tablets at a dose of 40-60mg/kg body weight.
RESULTS:
One hundred and fifty three (38%) of the studied subjects had urinary schistosomiasis, at baseline. The highest prevalence was among those aged 10-14 years. There were more males infected than females with a male: female ratio of 1.3: 1. The administration of Praziquantel tablets at an estimated dose of 40-60mg/kg body weight, to those diagnosed to have urinary schistosomiasis, reduced the prevalence rate to 13.0% 12 weeks after treatment. This gives a cure rate of 66.7% .
The awareness and knowledge of the respondents about urinary schistosomiasis was very low at baseline. However, the awareness and knowledge improved significantly (P= 0.0000001) after the health education. The practices of the respondents about factors that influence the infection did not change significantly (P > 0.05) after health education. There was also no significant change in the attitudes of the subjects after health education.
CONCLUSION:
The baseline study showed a high prevalence (38%) of urinary schistosomiasis in Martin village. This was reduced to 13% twelve weeks after treatment with praziquantel tablets. The awareness and knowledge of the subjects that was low at baseline improved
markedly after health education (P = 0.0000001) with some level (though not statistically significant) of positive behavioural change. The study therefore demonstrated that the use of health education and Praziquantel treatment as an intervention would reduce the prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis.
KEY WORDS: Prevalence, Urinary Schistosomiasis, health education, Drug intervention.

Title Page———i

Certification——–ii

Dedication———iii

Acknowledgement——-iv

Abstract ———vi

Table of Content——–vii

 

Chapter One

1.0 Introduction ——-1

1.1 Statement of Problem——4

1.2 Purpose of the Study——5

1.3 Significance of Study——8

1.4 Limitation——–9

1.5 Scope of Study——-11

 

Chapter Two

2.0 Review of Related Literature —-12

2.6 Summary of Literature Review—- 19

 

Chapter Three

3.0 Research Methodology and Procedure—22

3.1 Population ——–22

3.2 Sample and Sampling Technique—-22

3.3 Validation of the Instrument —-23

3.4 Reliability of the Instrument —–23

3.5 Data Analysis——-23

 

Chapter Four

4.0 Presentation and Discussion of Result—24

4.1 Analysis and interpretaion of Data—25

4.2 Discussion of Results——38

 

Chapter Five

5.0. Summary, Conclusion, and Recommendation  –40

5.1 Summary——–40

5.2 Conclusion——–41

5.3 Recommendation——42

References ———45

Appendix 1——–47

Appendix ———50

IMPACT OF DRUG TREATMENT AND HEALTH EDUCATION ON THE PREVALENCE AND KNOWLEDGE OF URINARY SCHISTOSOMIASIS AMONGST 5-19 YEAR OLDS IN MARTIN VILLAGE, BAUCHI

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