SELENIUM STATUS A ND BIRTH WEIGHT IN HIV POSITIVE PREGNANT WOMEN IN LAGOS UNIVERSITY TEACHING HOSPITAL

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SELENIUM STATUS A ND BIRTH WEIGHT IN HIV POSITIVE PREGNANT WOMEN IN LAGOS UNIVERSITY TEACHING HOSPITAL

 

Abstract

Background: Selenium, a trace element, is one of the important micronutrients with protective properties against oxidative stress, modulation of fetal metabolism, growth and development, and maintenance of defence against infection. Its deficiency may result in adverse maternal and perinatal outcome including low birth weight. This may occur through reduced antioxidant activities of selenium dependent antioxidant systems like glutathione peroxidase, iodothyronine deionase and thioredoxin reductase, resulting in oxidative damage of human cells, proteins and enzymes during embryonal and fetal periods.
Objective: To determine the relationship between maternal serum selenium and birth weight in HIV positive and negative pregnant women.
Methods: A cross-sectional study involving HIV positive and HIV negative pregnant women at term was carried out. Women were enrolled at prenatal care clinics of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH) at which time anthropometric measurements and sociodemographic data were recorded. Blood samples were also collected for selenium level estimation using I n d u c tiv ely C o u ple d Pla s m a M a s s Spectrometry (ICP – MS). The serum selenium concentration was compared between the two groups. Also, the relationship of maternal selenium concentration and birth weight was determined in both groups.
Birth weight was measured at hospital delivery.
Results: Out of 240 participants recruited, 214 (89.2%) with complete data were analysed, 50% (107/214) of them were HIV positive with the remaining half being HIV negative. The mean (±SD) maternal serum selenium concentration (µg/L) in the HIV positive group was significantly lower than the mean in the HIV negative group; 33.7±22.2 vs 83.6±18.7 respectively (ρ=0.001). However, selenium status was not significantly associated with birth weight in both groups.
Conclusion: Maternal serum selenium concentration in pregnancy had no significant relationship with birth weight in both study groups, although HIV positive patients had significantly lower serum levels. A larger study involving HIV positive women only is recommended.

SELENIUM STATUS A ND BIRTH WEIGHT IN HIV POSITIVE PREGNANT WOMEN IN LAGOS UNIVERSITY TEACHING HOSPITAL

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