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THE PREVALENCE OF HTLV I AND II AMONG BLOOD DONORS AT THE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE HOSPITAL, IBADAN
Abstract
Background: HTLV I and II are human retroviruses that are endemic in the Sub-Saharan Africa including Nigeria and are associated with Adult T-cell Lymphoma/leukaemia, HTLV-Iassociated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis and Variant Hairy Cell Leukaemia. Blood transfusion is an efficient mode of transmission of the viruses with a seroconversion rate of about 63% and currently, screening of blood donations for HTLV I/II is not routinely carried out in Nigeria.
Objective: The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of HTLV I/II among apparently healthy blood donors at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Materials and Methods: A total of 1,000 apparently healthy blood donors were recruited in a descriptive, hospital based cross-sectional study at the Blood Bank of the University College Hospital, Ibadan and were screened for HTLV I/II by ELISA method.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 32.26 years (±8.96), majority were males, 942 (94.2%) and 580 (58%) were first time donors. Family replacement donors constituted the majority of the donors, 847 (84.7%) followed by voluntary donors, 140 (14%) and commercial donors, 13, (1.3%). Thirty-two (3.2%) were positive for HTLV I and II antibodies. The seroprevalence of HIV I/II antibody, HBsAg, AntiHCV and syphilis were 32 (3.2%), 9 (0.9%), 33 (3.3%) and 8 (0.8%) respectively. Co-infections were also observed with HIV (3.2%), hepatitis C (6.1%) and syphilis (12.5%). All the positive cases were males, 32 (3.4%). The study also shows a higher prevalence rates among those aged less than 30 years, singles, previous transfusion, first time donors, commercial donors and drug addicts. The prevalence rate decreases with the number of blood donations, 3.6% among first time donors, 3.3% second time and 2.3% for those who donated more than twice.
Conclusion: This study confirmed that HTLV I and II infection is still prevalent in this environment (prevalence rate of 3.2%) and that routine screening of blood donors for these viruses is recommended. A larger study is needed to confirm this.
