THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NUTRITIONAL ANAEMIA AND SOMATOTYPE OF BLOOD DONORS IN ANAEMIC PROSPECTIVE DONORS IN LAGOS UNIVERSITY TEACHING HOSPITAL

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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NUTRITIONAL ANAEMIA AND SOMATOTYPE OF BLOOD DONORS IN ANAEMIC PROSPECTIVE DONORS IN LAGOS UNIVERSITY TEACHING HOSPITAL

Abstract

Aim: To determine the type of nutritional anaemia in blood donors who fail blood donor
fitness test
Objectives:
1. To measure ferritin, folate and homocysteine in fit and unfit blood donors
2. To produce relevant data on Somatotype of Nigerian Blood donors
3. To identify the anthropometric measurement that can be used to
screen blood donors in addition to body mass (weight) that is currently used in the
donor clinics.
Study design: This was a descriptive cross sectional study carried out using the blood
donors’ clinic of Lagos University Teaching Hospital.
Materials and Methods: Two hundred and thirteen (213) subjects who satisfied the inclusion
criteria were enrolled into the study. Of this number, one hundred and fifty-three (153) were
unfit blood donors (study group) and sixty (60) were fit blood donors (control group).
Serum ferritin, serum folate and serum homocysteine were estimated on the serum samples
of all the subjects.
Subjects’ full blood count and red cell indices were also estimated.
Results: The mean Haemoglobin and Packed Cell Volume (PCV) of the control group were
significantly higher than that of the study group (P=0.000).
Out of 153 unfit donors that were screened by Copper Sulphate Specific Gravity method,
only 62 (40.5%) had haemoglobin level <12.5g/dl (by automated haematology analyzer)
while 91 (59.5%) had haemoglobin level ≥12.5g/dl.
The mean Haemoglobin of male in the control group (13.82 ±1.03) was significantly higher
than that of male in the study group (12.63 ±1.46). P= 0.000

The mean Haemoglobin of female in the control group (12.42 ±1.99) was significantly higher
than that of female in the study group (12.31 ±1.51). P= 0.000
Low level of plasma ferritin occurs with a higher proportion (19.36%) in the anaemic unfit
subjects compared with non-anaemic unfit donors (8.79%).
There were 62 unfit donors who had haemoglobin <12.5g/dl. Of these 62 unfit donors, only 3
(4.84%) had Homocysteine level <15umol/L
There were 62 unfit donors who had haemoglobin <12.5g/dl. Of these 62 unfit donors, only 1
(1.6%) had Folic acid level <5.0ng/ml
Fit blood donors had a significantly higher mean skinfolds {Triceps (11.1+9.3), Biceps
(9.6+14.3) and Subscapularis (12.8+7.1)} when compared with Unfit blood donors (7.1+5.1)
, (5.6+6.3) and (9.3+6.3) respectively (P<0.05)
Female had significantly higher mean skinfolds (Triceps, Biceps and Subscapularis) when
compared to male counterparts. (P<0.05)
The mean Endomorphy and Mesomorphy of female (4.6 ±1.66 and 4.50 ±1.89 respectively)
were significantly higher than that of male (2.53 ±1.52 and 3.76 ±1.78 respectively). P= 0.00
and 0.031 respectively.
However, the mean Ectomorphy of male (4.03 ±3.76) was significantly higher than that of
female (2.20 ±1.51). P= 0.00
Conclusion:
The findings from this study revealed that the haemoglobin concentration and Packed Cell
Volume of fit donors were significantly higher than that of the unfit blood donors although
they are all within acceptable limits.
The use of Copper Sulphate Specific Gravity method as a screening method for blood donor
fitness test was found to be grossly insensitive.

This data also provide the prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia among unfit blood donors
which was found to be high.
Serum homocysteine could not demonstrate the type of nutritional anaemia that is peculiar to
fit and unfit blood donors.
There is no particular somatotype distribution that can be used to differentiate fit blood
donors from unfit blood donors.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NUTRITIONAL ANAEMIA AND SOMATOTYPE OF BLOOD DONORS IN ANAEMIC PROSPECTIVE DONORS IN LAGOS UNIVERSITY TEACHING HOSPITAL

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