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PREVALENCE OF CERVICAL HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION AMONG WOMEN PRESENTING FOR CERVICAL CANCER SCREENING IN GOMBE NORTH-EASTERN NIGERIA
Abstract
This study was carried out to determine the burden and confirm the
predominant genotypes of HPV infection among women presenting for cervical
cancer screening at the Federal Medical Centre Gombe, North-eastern, Nigeria.
A total of 209 women were were tested for cervical HPV infection using PCR
and DNA sequencing. The HPV DNA results from the participants were
compared with their corresponding cytological findings.
The prevalence of cervical HPV infection among the participants with mean age
of 39.6±0.72 years was 48.1%. The five most predominant genotypes were 18,
16, 33, 31 and 35, with prevalence of 44.7%, 13.2%, 7.9%, 5.3% and 5.3%
respectively. Other types were 38, 45, 56, 58, 82 and KC5. Multiple HPV
infections were detected in 7.9% of the sequenced specimens. Level of
education (X2=15.897; p=0.007), age at sexual debut (X2=6.916; p=0.009), parity
(X2=23.767; p=0.000), number of life time sexual partners (X2=7.805; p=0.005), age
at first pregnancy (X2=10.554; p=0.005) and history of other malignancies
(X2=7.325; p=0.007) were found to have a statistically significant association
with HPV infection. Sensitivity and specificity of cervical cytology screening
for HPV infection was found to be 16.2% and 85.0% respectively. Diagnosis of
premalignant/malignant cervical lesions based on HPV detection revealed
sensitivity and specificity of 72.7% and 53.1% respectively.
This study identified a high burden of HPV infection in Northern Nigeria while
also confirming HPV types 18 and 16 as the most predominant. It further
justifies the potential benefit of currently available HPV vaccines while also
suggesting HPV DNA detection as a useful tool for cervical cancer screening in
Gombe. However, there is the need to have a wider and community-based study
in the region.
