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PATTERN OF SERUM PROLACTIN LEVEL AMONG SCHIZOPHRENIC PATIENTS ON TYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS ATTENDING AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY TEACHING HOSPITAL ZARIA
Abstract
Background: Hyperprolactinaemia among patients schizophrenia on typical antipsychotic drugs is under recognized despite the potential risks such as depression, sexual dysfunction, amenorrhea, galactorrhea, gynaecomastia, breast cancer, decreased bone mineral density and osteoporosis due to long term effects associated with the condition.
Objective: This study was designed to determine the pattern of serum prolactin level among patients with schizophrenia on typical antipsychotic drugs in ABUTH Zaria.
Method: The study was cross-sectional descriptive conducted in ABUTH, Zaria. One hundred patients with schizophrenia on typical antipsychotic drugs for one year or more were recruited for the study. Fifty apparently healthy and fifty treatment naïve patients with schizophrenia were recruited as controls. Serum prolactin was assayed using ELISA kits. The data was analyzed using statistical program for the social sciences 17.0 (SPSS 17.0) for windows (SSPC Inc. Chicago, 16) and pvalues less than 0.005 were considered statistically significant.
Results: The mean age of patients with schizophrenia, apparently healthy controls and treatment naïve patients with schizophrenia were 34.68 ±0.98years, 30.90±1.21years and 29.62±1.33 years respectively. The mean serum prolactin concentrations of patients with schizophrenia, apparently healthy participants and treatment naïve patients with schizophrenia were 37.94±6.46 ng/ml, 8.43±0.61 ng/ml and 25.91± 4.35 ng/ml respectively. The mean serum prolactin concentration of patients with schizophrenia on typical antipsychotics drugs was significantly higher than that of the apparently healthy controls (p=0.002), while the difference compared with treatment naïve patients with schizophrenia was not statistically significant (p=0.215). The mean serum prolactin concentration of the female patients with schizophrenia on typical antipsychotic drugs (59.41±11.12 ng/ml) was significantly higher than that of the male patients (12.74±1.64 ng/ml) with a p-value of 0.000. The mean serum prolactin concentration of the patients on treatment for one year and that of those on treatment for more than one year were 27.87±1.70 ng/ml and 34.03±6.78 ng/ml respectively; the difference was statistically significant (p=0.001).
The prevalence of hyperprolactinaemia among patients on typical antipsychotic drugs was 36% and higher in female (44.4%) than male patients (26%).