INFLUENCE OF ORGANIZATION ON PROVISION AND MANAGEMENT OF RESOURCES IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN KANO CITY, KANO STATE, NIGERIA  

ABSTRACT

This study is on “Influence of Supervision on Provision and Management of Resources in

Secondary Schools in Kano Metropolis, Kano State, Nigeria.”  The study was specifically set out to find out how Human, Financial, Material, Time and Curriculum Contents were provided and managed in Secondary Schools in Kano Metropolis, Kano State. The research was limited to 230 public secondary schools which comprise Fagge, Gwale, Tarauni, Municipal, Kumbotso, Ungogo, Nasarawa and Dala, with a total of 4,241 Teachers, 230

Principals and 50 Ministry of  Education Officials from which a sample of 270 Teachers, 24 Principals and 15 Ministry of Education officials was drawn. The stratified random Sampling procedure was employed. To conduct the research, five hypotheses were postulated to find out the significant differences in the perceptions of the three categories of respondents.  The researcher reviewed relevant literature to establish the theoretical and conceptual base of the study.  Descriptive survey method was adopted for investigation and data collection.  The questionnaire was administered on two hundred and seventy (270) Teachers, twenty four (24)

Principals and fifteen (15) Ministry of Education Officials.  A total of three hundred and nine

(309) copies of questionnaire were administered to the respondents. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Four out of the five hypotheses formulated were retained and one rejected.  The major findings of the research revealed that Human resources such as teaching staff were not adequately provided and managed. Financial recourses such as funds from school fees, PTA charges were not adequately provided. Material resources were not adequately provided and managed. The curriculum of Art subjects was not reviewed in Secondary Schools in Kano Metropolis, Kano State. Based on the findings, it was recommended that human resources must be adequately provided and effectively managed, enough fund should be provided and managed, enough material resources such as computers, libraries, projectors among others must be provided in Secondary Schools in Kano Metropolis Kano State by Kano Educational Resources Department (KERD). Also, the Secondary Schools should identify other means of  generating funds internally; enough time should be allocated in teaching of science subjects . Proper planning of school activities and time tabling must be strictly adhered to.

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION

1.1        Background to the Study

The place of supervision is very important in the management of resources. Supervision is considered one of the major factors that contribute to the delivery of quality education. Therefore, in a school setting, effective supervision plays a very crucial role in ensuring quality education by improving student‟s academic performance. It is important that school managers carry out a comprehensive supervision of the resources to determine areas of need. This type of assessment will assist in policy formulation as it relates to resources management in schools, Ofoegbe (2004). Without trained, skilled and competent supervisors to supervise the resources– human, material, financial, time and curriculum contents, even when they are

available, their output will be of little or no significance to the school.

Since education is very necessary in our country and an indispensable ingredient of development and a fundamental right of every individual, a catalyzing agent which provides mental, physical, ideological and moral training to individuals so as to enable them have full consciousness of their purpose in life, supervision for effective management of resources in the school must be given high priority in order to achieve objectives and goals of education, (Rao 2001).

Secondary schools in Nigeria have suffered several setbacks which primarily are attributed to poor supervision, inadequate resources and mismanagement.  These evidences are glaring in the face of inadequate human, financial, material, mismanagement of time and inadequacy of curriculum content delivery in most public Secondary Schools in Nigeria. Secondary education whose objectives include „useful living within the society and higher education‟ as advocated by National Policy on Education (2004) requires proper supervision and adequate management of resources for its effective and efficient functioning.

The responsibility of supervision and management of resources requires collective efforts. Management processes which involve planning, organizing, co-coordinating, decision making, leading and controlling are applied in resources management, (Abraham 2003).  Broadened educational goals and objectives as a result of changes in socio-economic development have necessitated the involvement of experts to carry out constant and proper supervision in order to ensure that resources are well managed.  The role of the school managers is of paramount importance in harnessing the resources and ensuring that they are regularly supervised.  In doing this, the managers require administrative abilities and initiatives, good leadership qualities, good communication skills, commitment and expertise.  The quality of performance of managers determines the survival as well as the success of the school organization. The government must ensure that resources such as human, material, financial, time, and curriculum contents work independently and interrelated towards achieving desired goals and also ensuring that educational standards are established and sustained. The success or otherwise of the school system is attributed to the roles played by both the principal and government in supervision in order to ensure that resources are well utilized. Resources effectively supervised and managed will promote positive outcome which may include commitment of teachers to duty, motivation, transparency/accountability of school plants and finances, maintenance culture, effective time usage and curriculum contents delivery. On the other hand, resources not effectively supervised and managed result in negative effects such as inadequate staff, lack of maintenance culture, time wastage, misappropriation, corruption, low morale of teachers, dilapidated buildings, indiscipline, overcrowded classrooms, and preference for personal business during school hours among others.  Ineffective supervision and mismanagement of resources in the educational sector is the cause of most educational crisis in Nigeria, (Ibadin 2010).

Supervision is one among the many responsibilities of an educational administrator.  It is a way of stimulating, guiding, refreshing and encouraging teachers (human resources) with the hope of achieving the educational set goals.  „Supervision is an age long devise for improving the effective and efficient management of school resources,‟ (Ogunsaju 1993).  In addition, it deals with the basic needs of school and it helps in provision, maintenance, assisting and proper placement of both human and non-human materials in school.

Management of resources in secondary schools refers to the effective, efficient and judicious utilization of all available resources found in the organization for the achievement of set goals and objectives aimed at quality output.  Resources are of great significance because they occupy a very important place in the day to day administration of the school.  „Since resources are scare and limited, there is need for them to be effectively supervised for the effective and efficient management of schools (Peretomode 2007).

Supervision plays a unique role in the educational system. Equally as enrolment in our educational system in Africa in general and Nigeria in particular increases on a daily basis, the available human and material resources may become over stretched. The insufficient human and material resources in school may well be wasted if their utilization is not properly supervised (Ololube, 2013).

 

 

Areas where supervisors assess in school include its human, material, financial, time and curriculum contents   among others. These are vital areas which schools cannot function effectively without them. Therefore, it is of necessity that adequate attention be paid to these areas in other to achieve objectives and goals of education in Nigeria. From the discussion above, it can be deduced that supervision is significant for the effective management of school resources in order to achieve the objectives of secondary education. This has informed the topic of the study „Influence of Supervision on provision and Management of resources in Secondary Schools in

Kano Metropolis, Kano State, Nigeria.‟

1.2        Statement of Problem

As a result of inadequate and improper supervision of resources in most public schools, teaching and learning is not effectively carried out. (Ogunu, 2000) opined that schools are graduating half baked-graduates because there is inadequate facilities, poor maintenance culture, inadequate staff and also the curriculum contents are not given maximum attention,  coupled with the increasing enrolment of students and inadequate planning. A careful observation in the type of teaching and learning carried out in schools shows that there is need for this research in order to study the influence of supervision on provision and management of resources. Schools are facing a lot of challenges which have prompted the researcher to find out if inadequate supervision of resources is one factor among others causing problem(s) in schools.

In Nigeria today, the state and local government take charge in the supervision of resources in secondary schools.  But personnel to carry out this function are the bottleneck as asserted by (Whawo 2003).  Personnel are not only inadequate, but the few that are available do not possess the necessary supervisory skills.  This certainly accounts for many   instances of no control of the available resources.

Related to the above is the inadequacy of supervision facilities such as vehicles, computers machines, stationeries, and allowances as a result of this, supervisors carry out supervision haphazardly and in most cases do not cover all expected schools.

There are also cases of supervisors‟ negligence in keeping records of supervision which could be very vital for improvement and in decision making, (Anuna 2004). More so, most reports from supervision exercises are either swept under the carpet or thrown as thrash in the waste paper basket for many obvious reasons which can be based on friendship, family, tribal or religious ties or money benefits on the part of the supervisors.

In addition, as a result of ineffective supervision, human resource development is at a low pace, (Hanif 2002). Staff members are supposed to go for further trainings, attend workshops, seminars, conferences to update their knowledge and expose them to the latest pedagogical skills to help the students in their academic performance.  Peretomode (2001), explains that staff may become obsolete and rustic if they do not update themselves with new work methods, skills and knowledge about their work, organization and environment.

Furthermore, it is expected that supervisors ensures that resources provided are maintained by the school management.  Material resources such as classrooms, furniture, laboratory equipment and instructional materials in schools today are carelessly used by staff, students and community members as nobody is monitoring how they are being used.  This is because they are regarded that as „government property, they are nobody‟s property.‟  School facilities are left in the state of disrepair as a result of poor supervision. There are also evidences of staff using school facilities as their personal property in their homes or exchange their damaged property with that of the school. Supervisors must ensure that school facilities are being provided and maintained.

Time management is crucial in the smooth running of the school.  School managers must ensure that time is judiciously used in order to achieve stated objectives.  In most public schools, timing for lessons is not strictly adhered to.  Some teachers engage in their private business of selling and buying in the school or discussing politics among others instead of being in the classroom delivering lessons.

The secondary school curriculum contents, being the heart of the school must be supervised to ensure that it meets the need of the individual student‟s need and the society. Ufforma, (2005),asserts that curriculum  is the vehicle through which education is attained .This being the case teachers activities, class activities and the students capacity must be accessed through supervision to see whether the instruments provided by the government were adequate and used by both  teachers and students.

The supervision and management of fund is necessary in order to ensure that funds are prudently used and accounted for.  The responsibility of providing resources in public schools rests solely on the shoulders of the government.  On the other hand, principals must see to it that funds and all necessary records pertaining school finances are checked for proper accountability.  Principals are expected to acquire managerial skills in order to carry out this function.

 

1.3       Objectives of the Study

The study was set to:

1. determine the influence of supervision on provision and management of human resources in secondary schools in Kano Metropolis, Kano State; ii. ascertain the influence of supervision on provision and management of financial resources in secondary schools in Kano Metropolis, Kano State; iii. assess the influence of supervision on provision and management of material resources in secondary schools in Kano Metropolis, Kano State; iv. examine the influence of supervision on provision and management of time resources in secondary schools in Kano  Metropolis, Kano State;  and
2. find out the influence of supervision on provision and management of curriculum contents in secondary school in Kano Metropolis, Kano State.

1.4        Research Questions

The questions formulated below guide the study:

1. Does supervision have influence on the provision and management of human resources in secondary schools in Kano Metropolis, Kano State?
2. Does supervision have influence on the provision and management of financial resources in secondary schools in Kano Metropolis, Kano State?

• Does supervision have influence on provision and management of material resources in secondary schools in Kano Metropolis, Kano State? iv. Does supervision have influence on provision and management of time resources in secondary schools in Kano Metropolis, Kano State?

1. Does supervision have influence on provision and management of curriculum contents in secondary schools in Kano Metropolis, Kano State?

1.5        Research Hypotheses

The study formulated the following hypothesis in line with the research questions:

HO₁.  There is no significant difference in the opinions of principals, teachers and Ministry of Education Officials on the influence of supervision on provision and Management of human resources in secondary schools in Kano Metropolis, Kano State.

HO₂.  There is no significant difference in the opinions of principals, teachers and Ministry of Education Officials on the influence of supervision on provision and management of financial resources in secondary schools in Kano Metropolis, Kano State.

HO₃.  There is no significant difference in the opinions of principals, teachers and Ministry of Education Officials on the influence of supervision on provision and management of material resources in Secondary schools in Kano Metropolis, Kano State.

HO₄.  There is no significant difference in the opinions of principals, teachers and Ministry of Education Officials on the influence of supervision on provision and management of time resource in secondary schools in Kano Metropolis, Kano State.

HO₅. There is no significant difference in the opinions of principals, teachers and Ministry of Education Officials on the influence of supervision on provision and management of curriculum contents in secondary schools in Kano

Metropolis, Kano State.

1.6      Basic Assumptions

1. The study was on the assumptions that supervision has influence on the provision and management of human resources in secondary schools. This is because when staff are properly supervised they will be motivated to work well in the organization;
2. The study was on the assumptions that supervision has influence on the provision and management of financial resources in secondary schools. It is hoped that effective supervision will enable school managers to manage fund judiciously; ii. The study was on the assumptions that supervision  has influence on the  provision and management of management of material resources in secondary schools. When material resources are supervised properly, inventory of materials will be taken and damaged materials could be easily identified and replaced. Also, with supervision, students and staff could be taught to imbibe maintain ace culture and this will go a long way in effective management of material

resources;

iii. The study was on the assumptions that supervision has influence on the provision and management of time resources in secondary schools. With effective supervision, school managers will become disciplined and conscious in the use of time; and  iv. The study was on the assumptions that supervision has influence on the  provision and management of curriculum content in secondary schools. With proper supervision, curriculum contents could be easily reviewed to meet the changing needs of the students and the society at large.

1.7      Significance of the Study

There cannot be effective management of secondary school without availability of resources and constant supervision. The research work basically seeks to enlighten school principal, Teachers and Ministry of Education Officials on the importance of school resources and the need for proper supervision for its effective management. It is expected to draw government attention towards the funding of schools and assessing resources management. The study would also be of importance to the planning unit of the Ministry of Education, Kano state towards good record keeping and statistical update of same for proper planning and allocation of resources. The study is also expected to draw the attention of supervisors to the need for proper supervision. It will sensitize policy makers, educational administrators and curriculum planners on the need to plan all curriculum contents and programmme and ensuring that through constant supervision they are strictly being adhered to.  It is also hoped that it would serve as a useful addition to the existing literature, especially other researchers who intend to work on similar topic, would find the outcome of this study a reference point.

1.8      Scope of the Study

The study focuses on influence of supervision on provision and management of resources in secondary schools in Kano Metropolis, Kano State, Nigeria. However, on account of certain constraints bordering on time, finance and other research logistics, the research is limited to public secondary schools (Rearticulated schools) in Kano State Metropolis which comprise Fagge, Gwale, Tarauni, Municipal, Kumbotso, Ungogo, Nasarawa and Dala, which has a total of 230 schools, with a total of 4,241Teachers, 230 Principals and50 Ministry of Education Officials of which a sample of 270 teachers,24 principals and 15 ministry of Education officials was drawn. The stratified random sampling procedure was employed. From each stratum within the eight metropolitan areas different categories of secondary schools were selected. The study focuses on various resources such as human, financial, material, time and curriculum contents. The respondents of the research are principals, teachers and Ministry of Education Officials.

INFLUENCE OF ORGANIZATION ON PROVISION AND MANAGEMENT OF RESOURCES IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN KANO CITY, KANO STATE, NIGERIA  

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