CONNECTION BETWEEN LECTURERS’JOB CONTENTMENT AND EDUCATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF BUSINESS EDUCATION STUDENTS IN COLLEGES OF EDUCATION IN NORTH-WEST ZONE, NIGERIA

CONNECTION BETWEEN LECTURERS’JOB CONTENTMENT AND EDUCATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF BUSINESS EDUCATION STUDENTS IN COLLEGES OF EDUCATION IN NORTH-WEST ZONE, NIGERIA

ABSTRACT

The study wasset to determinethe relationship betweenlecturers‘ job satisfaction and academic performance of business education studentsin Colleges of Education in Northwest Zone, Nigeria. The researcher raised three specific objectives, three research questionsand three null hypotheses which were tested at 0.05 level of significance. Survey and Ex-post facto research designs were adopted for this study. The population of the study comprised of1,835 lecturers and N.C.E II Business Education students from the nine colleges of education in North-west zone, Nigeria.Out of 1,835,553 was selected as the sample size using randomsampling. The instrument used to generate the data for the study was QuestionnaireJob Satisfaction(QUJOSA) and CGPA of the NCE II students. Weighted mean and standard deviation were used to answer the three (3) stated research questions.  Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficients(PPMC) was used to test all the three null hypotheses. The findings revealed that job satisfaction of lecturers had a statisticallysignificantrelationship with the academic performance of business education students in colleges of education in North-west zone Nigeria(p=value0.029 and r-value = 0.826). The study further revealed that job satisfaction of both male and female lecturers had a significantrelationshipwiththeacademic performance of business education students in colleges of education in North-west zone, Nigeria (p-value = 0.011 and 0.016 and rvalue = 0.701 and 0.840). It was concluded that, job satisfaction of lecturers enhancedtheacademic performance of business education studentsin colleges of education in North-west zone, Nigeria. It was recommendedthat;NCCE and federal ggovernment should improve the conditions of service of lecturerswith a view to improve the students‘ academic performance in the colleges of education.

 

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION

1.1       Background to the Study

Education plays a significant role in character development of individuals and contributes immensely to the transformation of every society. Education remained identified key in sustainable development, peace, and stability of any economic system. It is for this reason that education is viewed as the fundamental right of all members of a society, irrespective of their culture, gender, and social status. Engine-Demir (2009), believed that education represents a major form of human resources development. He further, states that human resources development is determined by the availability and quality of education is the key to any societal development.The quality of education in Nigeria was laid-upon on the quality of teacher/lecturers at any level of education, viz a viz,primary, secondary college, polytechnics, and university. Business education being one of the core educational programme in Nigeria relies on the quality of lecturers at the colleges of education in order to produce quality teachers.

Business educationplays a significant role in Nigeria‘s economic growth and

development. It improves personal qualities and builds the attitudes of individuals that are necessary or adjustment to personal and employment situations, and provides knowledge, skills and competencies for individuals to function well in office occupation and also create jobs for themselves and others (Udoh and Amoorin Ola, 2017). Moreover, Ibrahim, (2011) sees, business education as the type of education that inculcates in its learners‘ knowledge, skills, attitude, and values that are required in the business world. This means that the knowledge acquired by business education students, if wellutilized, would contribute immensely to the development of nation‘s economy; it

is the type of training system that encourages its beneficiaries to acquire skills that will fit them into the world of work. It acknowledged that business education lecturers in colleges of education are engaged with several academic activities such as lecturing a large number of students, supervision and marking of bulky scripts likely to make them loose interest in the job and feel dissatisfied and this may affect the students‘ academic performance.

Job satisfaction is an individual‘s total feelings about their job and the attitude they have towards various aspects of their job as well as an attitude and perception, which could consequently influence job performance. Theemployee with high job satisfaction appears to hold a positive attitudetoward their job.Andone who is dissatisfied has negative attitudes toward their job.Based on this, lecturer that are satisfied with their job will perform positively which directly influence students‘ performance.On the other hand, lecturers that are dissatisfied with their job, their performance will be low andthis influence the students‘ performance negatively. Jobsatisfactionin this regard becomes an input required for the attainment of an organizational objectives. In other words, it described how happy an individual is with his or her job. Thus, happier people are with their jobs, the more satisfied they are to be. Job satisfaction canberegarded as one of the choosing factors that influence effectiveness and efficiency of employees, which lecturers in colleges are not excluded.In this study,job satisfaction can be measuredby salary, promotion, workload, and family pressure up to the working environment.

According to Akram (2014), Salary is the fixed amount of money or compensation paid to an employee by an employer in return for the work performed. Salaries not only assist people to attain their basic needs, but also are instrumental in satisfying the higher-level needs of people. Lecturers that received high pay, their job satisfaction will be high while low pay leads to low job satisfaction.Promotionon the other hand, is the elevation of the worker to a higher job accompanied by an increase in pay and privileges. It is an upward advancement of an employee in an organization, which commands better pay, better status, higher opportunities, higher responsibilities, and better working environment. Similarly, it provides motivation and job satisfaction to all personnel.However, most employees are too much engaged. This engagement can normally be due to over occupied activities they found outside their prepared schedules, which can be seen as excess workload. The workload is the amount of work performed by an individual in a given period, or the average amount of work handled by an individual at a particular instant of time. Sometimes, the work overload creates a gap for the employees for them to satisfy their families. Hence, it creates a problem, which at the end leads to the existence of family pressure.

The family is one of the principal institution for socialization. Family pressures according to Ahmad and Ramzam (2013), are the multiple needs responsibilities that the lecturers encountered such as time to sit and discuss, children need, spouse needs, parents‘ needs, others relative‘s needs, and spouse-family needs. An organization that practices good policies in balancing family-work conflict will increase its productivity of its workers and make the workers feel working in a good working environment. The working environment is the sum of the interrelationship thatexistswithintheemployees andtheenvironment in whichtheemployees work (Sakir and Fajoyomi, 2007). Hence, satisfiedemployees make a happy employee and happy employees are successful employees even among their family. Job satisfaction is generally, described as how content an individual is with his or her job, also it implies doing a job one enjoys doing, and being suitably rewarded for one‘s effort. Job satisfaction further implies enthusiasm

and happiness with one‘s work which translate in to high academic performance.

Academic performance is the extent to which a teacher or institution achieved their educational goals. Examination or continuous assessment or Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) of students commonly measure academic performance.  The academic performance also refers to what students achieve in their studies and how they cope with or accomplish different learning experiences given to them by their teachers. Ibrahim (2011) reported that aneducational institution, success is measured by academic performance or how good students meet the standards set out by the institution.

Gender refers to the personal sexual identity of an individual, regardless of the person‘s biological and outward sex. How people define masculinity and femininity can vary based on the individual‘s background and surrounding culture. Different societal expectations in different cultures establish the behavioural, psychological and physical attributes that are associated with one gender or another. Igbinedion (2011), explained that in most parts of the country, the cultural roles or expectations of men and women are known to be clearly defined, and some studies have shown a significant relationship between gender and occupational aspirations, preference and academic performance

Most of the lecturers are performing so many responsibilities in their job such as lecturing a large number of students, supervising students in Teaching Practice (T.P.), Project, Student Industrial Works Experience Scheme (SIWES), administrative work, carrying out researches and engaging in community services. Performing these multiple roles by lecturers and at the same time are complaining of salary pay, delay of promotion, family responsibilities in term of given them enough time and financing their liabilities, also the poor working environment, they may lead to feeling dissatisfied with their jobs.

Northwest zone of Nigeria is a zone that comprises of seven states; Kaduna, Katsina, Zamfara, Sokoto, Kebbi, Kano and Jigawa. It has a total population of thirtyfive million, seven hundred and eighty-six thousand nine hundred and forty-four (35,786,944), and has a total landmass of 216,065 square kilometres (National Population Census, 2006). There are nine (9) colleges of education in the zone that offer Business Education Programme; five (5) are federal colleges of education while four (4) are state colleges of education. Business education is a programme offered in Colleges of Education, Polytechnics,and Universities in Nigeria.All described variables constituted the background upon which this study was conducted, on the relationship between job satisfaction of Lecturers and academic performance of Business Education Students in collegesof Education in North-west zone, Nigeria.

1.2       Statement of the Problem

In the past, business education lecturers in colleges of education have

experienced      many     good      things      in      the     conduct     of      their      work      as

lecturers.Examplesincludelecturinga reasonable number of students in a class (in both theory and practical), utilizing adequate teaching facilities (such as typewriters, word processors, computers, model offices) and marking a minimum number of scripts (assignment, test and exam). This encouraged them to give daily/weekly assignment, use of enough lecture rooms and lecturer/students‘ ratio of 1:20 for skills subject like Accounting and 1:30 for other subjects like Economics. These led to an effective and efficient job satisfaction of the lecturers and the students‘ performance was excellent.

The researcher visited some colleges of education in North-west zone and observed that, the academic performance of business education students is declining at an alarming rate. This may be because most of the business education lecturers in Northwest zone are grappling with many schedules and this resulted to the accumulation of students‘ projects, inconsistency in attending lectures, inabilities to cover course outlines allocated to them and not marking of Continues Assessment (C.A) and exam on time. The researcher found that colleges of education in North-west are having the unconduciveworking environment and a large number of students in classes, which results to an increase of lecturer/students‘ ratio up to 1:70 for skills subject like shorthand, keyboarding, and 1:85 for theory subject like economics, commerce. The researcher also observed that mostof the lecturers are complaining of too much family pressure, having a delay of promotion and insufficient salary. These problems may make it difficult for the lecturers to meetup to their job satisfaction.

The researcher therefore, decided to undertake this study to find out to what extent salary,promotion, working environment,excessworkload, and familypressuresas job satisfaction determinants havearelationship with the academicperformance of business education students in colleges of education in North-west Zone, Nigeria.

1.3       Objectives of the Study

The main objective of this study was to determine the relationship betweenjob satisfaction of lecturers and academic performance of business educationstudentsin colleges of education in North-west Zone, Nigeria.The specific objectives were to:

1. determine the relationship between job satisfactionoflecturersandacademic performance of business education students in colleges of education in North-west Zone, Nigeria.
2. ascertain the relationship betweenjobsatisfactionofmale lecturers andacademic performance of business educationstudentsin colleges of education in North-west Zone, Nigeria.
3. examine the relationship between job satisfaction of female lecturers and academic performance ofbusiness education students in colleges of education in North-west

Zone, Nigeria.

        1.4             Research Questions

Based on the specific objectives the followings research questions were raised:

1. what is the relationship between job satisfaction of lecturers and academic performance of business education students in colleges of education in North-west Zone, Nigeria?
2. what is the relationship between job satisfaction of male lecturers andacademic performance of business education students in colleges of education in North-west Zone, Nigeria?
3. what is the relationship between job satisfaction of female lecturers and academic performance of business education students in colleges of education in North-west

Zone, Nigeria?

1.5       Null Hypotheses

In line with the research questionsfollowings null hypotheses werepostulatedfor the study and tested at 0.05 level of significance:

1. thereis no significant relationship between job satisfaction of lecturers

andacademic performance of business education students in colleges of education in North-west Zone, Nigeria.

2. there is no significant relationship between job satisfaction of male lecturers

andacademic performance of business education students in colleges of education in North-west Zone, Nigeria.

3. job satisfaction      of         female lecturers          has       no        significant

relationshipwiththeacademic performance of business education students in colleges of education in North-west Zone, Nigeria.

 

1.6       Significance of the Study

The findings of this study when publishedin journals and in others mediumit would be of benefit toBusiness Education lecturers, students, school management, Government, Employer of Labour and further researchers. Business education lecturers would benefit from this study if the government provide all their necessary entitlements, such as salary, promotion, and conducive-working environment, would influence their job satisfaction. In addition, students would benefit from the findings of this study because, when lecturers are satisfied, they would get better concentration, which would in turn improve their performance, since the quality of the students depends heavily on the quality of the lecturers.

The outcome of this study would be of great advantage to the management of colleges of education and business education department in particular, because, school management would see the need to employ more business education lecturers in order to handle the increasing number of students. In line with this, the management of the colleges of education will also provide the facilities required by the business education lecturers that would enhance the teaching and learning. These wouldenhance job satisfaction of business education lecturers, in colleges of education.

In addition, government and community would benefit from this study when they encourage business education lecturers in colleges of education to be more effective by providing the required resources demanded in order to facilitate teaching and learning and at the same time reducing the lecturer'sstress that would lead them to be happy and efficient in their job. In addition,it may reducetherate of unemployed business education graduate. In addition, many of the potential business education students in the community would get admission intobusiness education program due to the increase in the number of lecturers and resources in the colleges of education.

The employers of labour such as banks, industries, and organization would also benefit from the findings of this study when they get qualified business educators, which can work effectively and efficiently in their organizations. The findings of the study would also add to existing literature on the relationship betweenjobsatisfaction of lecturers on the academic performance of business education students in colleges of education; it would also serve as a springboard for further researches.

1. 7      Basic Assumptions of the Study

For the purpose of this study, the following assumptions were made:

1. job satisfaction of Business educations lecturers may influence academic performance of business education students in colleges of education in North-west zone, Nigeria.
2. job satisfaction of male lecturers may influence students‘ academic performance in business education in colleges of education in North-west zone, Nigeria.
3. job satisfactionoffemale lecturers may influence students‘ academic performance in

business education in colleges of education in North-west zone, Nigeria.

1. 8       Delimitation of the Study

The research work was delimited to male and female business education lecturers from     the       nine             colleges           of         education         in         North-west      zone,    Nigeria.           This

collegeswereselectbecausethey offerbusiness education programme at N.C.E. level. The study was also, delimited to salary, promotion, workload, un-conducive working environment, and family pressure as job satisfaction determinants, that enhance students‘ academic performance. The study is delimited to N.C.E. two (II) business education students for 2016/2017 academic session, because of their performance records over the periods to get their cumulative grade Point Average (CGPA) which, determined their academic performances.

CONNECTION BETWEEN LECTURERS’JOB CONTENTMENT AND EDUCATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF BUSINESS EDUCATION STUDENTS IN COLLEGES OF EDUCATION IN NORTH-WEST ZONE, NIGERIA

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