A STUDY OF GAS FLARE ON CARDIOPULMONARY PARAMETERS OF RESIDENTS IN GAS FLARING COMMUNITIES IN SELECTED NIGER DELTA STATES

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A STUDY OF GAS FLARE ON CARDIOPULMONARY PARAMETERS OF RESIDENTS IN GAS FLARING COMMUNITIES IN SELECTED NIGER DELTA STATES

 

ABSTRACT

The study is aimed at evaluating the impact of gas flare and its effect on cardiovascular and pulmonary parameters ofresidents in some states of the Niger Delta by specifically determining how gas flare impacted on blood pressure, pulse, peak expiratory flow and respiratory rate and associated changes of these parameters with time of exposure and possible gender variation induced by gas flare. Two locations (an experimental and a control) were used in five different states across the region under study– Edo (Oben and Ekiadolor), Rivers (Oshi and Ahoada), Akwa Ibom (Ibeno and Ikot Ekpene), Bayelsa (Immiringi and Ogbia) and Delta (Agbaro-otor and Eku).The two communities in each state are with similar socio economic and cultural characteristics and the residents are essentially artisans, traders, farmers, students and civil servants. The study adopted the direct administration of questionnaire, observation/recording and free medical check-up methods. The stratified random sampling method was used. The sample size was 1008 participants (504 in gas flared area and 504 in control area) this comprises of 686 adults and 322 children. The sample is made up of 564 males and 444 females. The electronic blood pressure kit assessed blood pressure and pulse rate of participants. Respiratory and peak expiratory flow rate of participants were observed and recorded by manual method and peak flow metre respectively. Questionnaire wasgiven physically to obtain personal details needed for analysis. Data obtained were subsequently subjected to statistical analysis. Significance difference between means was evaluated by student t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Findings show that gas flare increases mean pulse, respiratory and blood pressure of residents living in the gas flare areas. There was an associated reduction in average peak expiratory flow rate among inhabitants in the gas flared communities. A similar finding from the result is that gas flare impacted more on systolic component of blood pressure when compared to diastolic of residents. Findings also show that these cardiopulmonary parameters increases with prolonged exposure except peak expiratory flow rate that decreases with longer exposure time. Gender of residents affected the impact level of gas flare on some cardiopulmonary parameters. As contribution to knowledge, this study has offered valid information that unprotected exposure to gas flare can impact negatively on pulse, respiratory, peak expiratory flow rate and blood pressure of residents in the study area. This study has also shown that the level of impact of gas flare on these human cardiovascular and pulmonary parameters of people residing in this region is gender dependent. The study has also shown that the longer the time of exposure to gas flare the more the severity of changes in the cardiopulmonary parameters. The outcome of this study show that gas flare impacted more on systolic segment of blood pressure than diastolic blood pressure. This study has added to the existing literature on the evaluation of the health implication of flared gas on the socioeconomic environment in this region.

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background Knowledge

Air pollution is a significant implicating factor associated with multiple health related conditions, including pulmonary infections, heart ailment with lung cancer (WHO, 2010).The health effects resulting from polluted airhave been documented to include several respiratory syndromes and worsening cardiopulmonary conditions.These effects have been shown to cause an increase in medications and hospital consultations. The human health implications of inadequate air quality are enormous, but majorly affect the body’s cardiopulmonary system.(WHO, 2010).Health status, level of exposure, pollutant type has been observedin individual response to polluted air.(WHO, 2010).The usualsources of polluted air include particulates, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide.Earlier report has shown that indoor as well as outdoor air pollution has caused approximately 3.3 million deaths worldwide. (WHO, 2010)

 

A STUDY OF GAS FLARE ON CARDIOPULMONARY PARAMETERS OF RESIDENTS IN GAS FLARING COMMUNITIES IN SELECTED NIGER DELTA STATES. GET MORE SOCIAL SCIENCES FAULTY PROJECT TOPICS AND MATERIALS

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