DETERMINATION OF Cd, Co, Cu, AND Fe IN WATER AND SOME VEGETABLE CROPS CULTIVATED AROUND GALMA AND KUBANNI RIVERS, ZARIA

DETERMINATION OF Cd, Co, Cu, AND Fe IN WATER AND SOME VEGETABLE CROPS CULTIVATED AROUND GALMA AND KUBANNI RIVERS, ZARIA

Abstract:

The level of some trace elements including cadmium, cobalt, copper and iron in water and vegetable samples of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var capitata); lettuce (lactuca sativa L); maize (zea mays); okra (Abelmoschus esculent L ); onion (Alium spp) and spinach(Amarantus spp) along the banks of Galma and Kubanni rivers in zaria were determined during the rainy and dry seasons,(June to August 2005 and January to March 2006 respectively), by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). High levels of cadmium(Cd) (0.0057-0.087 mg/l ) and cobalt(Co) (1.208-2.863 mg/l) above the WHO guideline for drinking water were found at site E (old Jos road bridge T/Wada) in water samples analyzed for both seasons. And also higher levels of cadmium(Cd)(0.055-0.291 mg/l) above the FAO guideline for crops production were recorded in the spinach(Amarantus spp) analyzed in both seasons and levels of copper(Cu)(0.277-5.60 mg/l) above the FAO guideline were recorded in maize(zea mays), okra(Abelmoschus esculent L) and spinach(Amarantus spp) at site A,C and D during the rainy season.

TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page- – – – – – – – – i
Approval page – – – – – – – -ii
Dedication – – – – – – – – -iii
Acknowledgement – – – – – – – -iv
Abstract – – – – – – – – – -v
Table of content – – – – – – – -vi

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION – – – – – – – -1
1.0 Background of the study – – – – -1
1.1 Statement of the problem – – – – -5
1.2 Purpose of the study – – – – – -6
1.3 Significance of the study – – – – -8
1.4 Research questions – – – – – -9
1.5 Scope of the study – – – – – – -10

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW – – – – – – -11

CHAPTER THREE

Research methodology – – – – – – -39
Design of study – – – – – – – -40
Area of study – – – – – – – – -40
Population of the study – – – – – – -41
Sample and sampling techniques – – – – -41
Instrument for data collection – – – – -41
Method of data collection – – – – – -42
Method of data analysis – – – – – – -43

CHAPTER FOUR

Presentation, analysis and interpretation of data – -48
Discussion of findings – – – – – – -56

CHAPTER FIVE

Summary of findings – – – – – – -60
Conclusion – – – – – – – – -61
Recommendations – – – – – – – -62
Suggestions for further research – – – – -64
References – – – – – – – – -65
Appendix I – – – – — – – – -68
Questionnaire. – – – – – – – -69

DETERMINATION OF Cd, Co, Cu, AND Fe IN WATER AND SOME VEGETABLE CROPS CULTIVATED AROUND GALMA AND KUBANNI RIVERS, ZARIA