ISOLATION AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF SHIGA TOXIN PRODUCING Escherichia coli (STEC) ASSOCIATED WITH READY-TO-EAT GAME MEAT IN SOUTH WEST, NIGERIA

ISOLATION AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF SHIGA TOXIN PRODUCING Escherichia coli (STEC) ASSOCIATED WITH READY-TO-EAT GAME MEAT IN SOUTH WEST, NIGERIA

ABSTRACT

Ready-to-eat game meat, a popular delicacy in Nigeria, has raised concerns regarding potential bacterial contaminants, including pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli. Among these, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) pose a significant public health risk. This study focuses on the isolation and comprehensive molecular profiling of STEC strains associated with ready-to-eat game meat in the Southwestern region of Nigeria. A total of 500 samples of ready-to-eat game meat were collected from various vendors across cities in Southwestern Nigeria. Isolation and characterization of Escherichia coli strains were performed using standard microbiological techniques, followed by serotyping and biochemical identification. Molecular profiling involved polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays targeting Shiga toxin genes (stx1 and stx2), intimin gene (eae), and additional virulence genes (ehxA and saa), along with genotypic assessment using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) for strain differentiation. Escherichia coli strains were successfully isolated from 42% of the samples. Among these isolates, 28% were confirmed as STEC based on the presence of Shiga toxin genes. Serotyping revealed a diverse range of O and H antigen combinations, indicative of multiple STEC strains circulating in the sampled game meat. Molecular analyses further identified a range of virulence factors, emphasizing the potential pathogenicity of these isolates. PFGE analysis demonstrated distinct banding patterns, suggesting genetic diversity among the STEC strains. The isolation and molecular characterization of STEC strains in ready-to-eat game meat signify a notable public health concern. The diversity in serotypes and virulence profiles underscores the complexity of potential risks associated with consumption. The observed genetic diversity among the STEC strains may reflect various sources of contamination, necessitating a multifaceted approach to ensure food safety.This study provides significant insights into the prevalence and molecular characteristics of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains in ready-to-eat game meat in Southwestern Nigeria.

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