Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli in Ready-to-Eat Game Meat Sold Across Various Cities in Southwestern Nigeria

Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli in Ready-to-Eat Game Meat Sold Across Various Cities in Southwestern Nigeria

ABSTRACT 

Ready-to-eat game meat is a cherished culinary tradition in Nigeria, particularly in the southwestern region. However, concerns about microbial contamination, particularly by pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli, pose significant public health risks. This study delves into the prevalence and characterization of Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) in ready-to-eat game meat vented across multiple cities in Southwestern Nigeria. A total of 350 samples of ready-to-eat game meat were collected from various vendors in urban and peri-urban areas of Southwestern Nigeria. Samples were meticulously processed and subjected to microbial analysis using standard microbiological techniques. Isolation of E. coli strains was followed by molecular identification of the Shiga toxin genes (stx1 and stx2) through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Further characterization involved serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility profiling, and genotypic assessment for virulence factors associated with STEC. The results revealed the presence of Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli in 23% of the samples. Molecular analyses confirmed the presence of stx1 and stx2 genes in these isolates. Serotyping identified multiple O and H antigen combinations among the STEC strains, indicating a diverse strain population. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing unveiled varying degrees of resistance to commonly used antibiotics. Genotypic assessment demonstrated the presence of additional virulence factors, suggesting potential pathogenicity. Identifying the critical need for thorough processing and cooking practices to ensure consumer safety. The diversity in serotypes and multiple virulence factors further accentuate the potential risks associated with consumption. The varying resistance profiles highlight the importance of prudent antibiotic use in both clinical and agricultural settings. This study provides comprehensive insights into the prevalence and characteristics of Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli in ready-to-eat game meat in Southwestern Nigeria. These findings underscore the urgency for stringent food safety measures along the game meat supply chain and emphasize the need for heightened consumer awareness to ensure safe consumption practices

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