Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus in Ready-to-Eat Game Meat Sold Across Various Cities in Southwestern Nigeria

Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus in Ready-to-Eat Game Meat Sold Across Various Cities in Southwestern Nigeria

ABSTRACT

The consumption of ready-to-eat game meat is a popular dietary choice in many regions, including Southwestern Nigeria. However, concerns regarding microbial contamination and associated health risks persist. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and potential pathogenicity of Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus in ready-to-eat game meat samples sourced from various cities in Southwestern Nigeria. A total of 300 ready-to-eat game meat samples were collected from diverse vendors across cities in Southwestern Nigeria. The samples were subjected to microbiological analysis following standard protocols. Isolation and identification of Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus were carried out using selective and differential media, alongside molecular confirmation techniques. Further characterization involved screening for antibiotic resistance profiles, enterotoxin genes, and virulence factors associated with these bacterial species. The results revealed a notable presence of Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus in the sampled game meat. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 35% of the samples, while Bacillus cereus was detected in 28% of the samples. Subsequent molecular analyses confirmed the identity of these isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing demonstrated varying degrees of resistance to commonly used antibiotics, warranting attention to prudent use practices. Genotypic assessment revealed the presence of enterotoxin genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolates, highlighting a potential food safety risk. Additionally, Bacillus cereus isolates exhibited diverse profiles of virulence-associated genes, indicating variability in potential pathogenicity, This study underscores the importance of rigorous microbial assessment in the quality assurance of ready-to-eat game meat. The prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus, coupled with their varying antibiotic resistance patterns and virulence potentials, emphasizes the need for enhanced food safety measures. The findings advocate for improved hygiene practices along the game meat supply chain, as well as heightened awareness among consumers to ensure safe consumption practices.

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