Assessment of Bacterial Loads and Heavy Metal Levels in Various Fish Species from Designated Markets in Lagos state

Assessment of Bacterial Loads and Heavy Metal Levels in Various Fish Species from Designated Markets in Lagos state

ABSTRACT

The quality of fish products is of paramount importance for public health, considering their significant contribution to global protein consumption. Contaminants such as bacterial pathogens and heavy metals pose potential risks to consumers. This study aims to comprehensively assess the bacterial loads and levels of heavy metals in various fish species obtained from designated markets in Lagos, Nigeria. fish samples comprising different species were collected from selected markets across Lagos. Bacterial loads were determined by culturing samples on selective media, followed by colony counting and identification. Heavy metal analysis involved acid digestion of fish tissue and subsequent quantification using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) for elements such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and arsenic (As). The data obtained were compared against established safety thresholds and guidelines. The study revealed varying bacterial loads among the different fish species, with notable differences in contamination levels. Specific species exhibited higher bacterial counts, indicating potential differences in handling and storage practices. The assessment of heavy metals revealed trace amounts of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As) in certain species, while mercury (Hg) was within acceptable limits. The concentrations observed were generally below regulatory thresholds, suggesting a relatively low risk of heavy metal exposure through fish consumption. The findings indicate the need for stringent hygiene and safety measures throughout the fish supply chain, particularly in handling, transportation, and storage. The presence of trace amounts of certain heavy metals underscores the importance of continued monitoring and regulation to ensure food safety. The variations in contamination levels among different fish species highlight the significance of species-specific risk assessment. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of bacterial loads and heavy metal levels in various fish species sourced from designated markets in Lagos. The results offer valuable insights into the safety of fish products available to consumers. Implementing effective food safety measures and regulatory frameworks is crucial to safeguard public health and ensure the quality of fish products in the marketplace

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