Presence of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in Ready-to-Eat Bush Meat and Fresh Produce in Lagos

Presence of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in Ready-to-Eat Bush Meat and Fresh Produce in Lagos

ABSTRACT

The emergence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli poses a significant public health concern due to their resistance to a broad spectrum of antibiotics, including beta-lactam drugs. Ready-to-eat foods, particularly bush meat and fresh produce, are potential vehicles for the dissemination of these antibiotic-resistant strains. This study focuses on investigating the presence and genetic characteristics of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in ready-to-eat bush meat and fresh produce in Lagos, Nigeria. A total of 400 samples, including bush meat (n=200) and fresh produce (n=200), were collected from various markets and street vendors in Lagos. Isolation and identification of Escherichia coli were performed using standard microbiological techniques. Phenotypic screening for ESBL production was carried out using selective media and confirmed by double disk diffusion assay. Molecular characterization involved PCR amplification of ESBL genes (e.g., blaTEM, blaCTX-M) and subsequent sequencing for gene subtyping. Additionally, antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed to assess the multidrug resistance profile of the isolates. The study revealed a notable prevalence of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in both bush meat (43%) and fresh produce (36%). Molecular characterization identified various ESBL genes, with blaCTX-M-15 being the most predominant genotype. Sequencing results provided valuable insights into the genetic diversity and subtypes of ESBL genes circulating in the sampled food products. Additionally, a high degree of multidrug resistance was observed, highlighting the potential therapeutic challenges in treating infections caused by these strains. The high prevalence of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in ready-to-eat bush meat and fresh produce underscores the urgent need for robust food safety measures. The presence of diverse ESBL genotypes suggests multiple sources of contamination, potentially including the environment, animals, and human handlers. The observed multidrug resistance further complicates treatment options and necessitates prudent antibiotic use practices.This study provides critical insights into the prevalence and genetic characteristics of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in ready-to-eat bush meat and fresh produce in Lagos, Nigeria. These findings emphasize the importance of implementing stringent food safety protocols along the food supply chain and highlight the need for heightened consumer awareness to ensure safe consumption practices

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