MORAL REALISM VS. MORAL ANTI-REALISM: DISCUSSING THE DEBATE BETWEEN MORAL OBJECTIVITY AND SUBJECTIVITY.

MORAL REALISM VS. MORAL ANTI-REALISM: DISCUSSING THE DEBATE BETWEEN MORAL OBJECTIVITY AND SUBJECTIVITY. 

Abstract:
The debate between moral realism and moral anti-realism is a longstanding philosophical discourse that centers around the nature and foundations of morality. This abstract provides an overview of the key arguments and positions within this debate, focusing on the contrasting concepts of moral objectivity and subjectivity.

Moral realism asserts that there are objective moral facts and values that exist independently of human beliefs, perceptions, or preferences. Proponents of moral realism argue that moral truths are discoverable through rational inquiry and that moral judgments can be objectively true or false. They often appeal to the existence of moral universals and the intuitive sense of moral obligation shared by individuals across different cultures and historical periods.

In contrast, moral anti-realism, including moral subjectivism, denies the existence of objective moral truths and posits that moral judgments are subjective and contingent upon individual perspectives, cultural norms, or social conventions. Anti-realists argue that moral values are constructed by human beings and that they lack an inherent or universal grounding.

The debate between moral objectivity and subjectivity encompasses various sub-arguments and nuanced positions. Ethical naturalism, a form of moral realism, asserts that moral properties are reducible to natural properties, such as those found in scientific or empirical inquiry. Non-naturalist moral realism, on the other hand, posits the existence of non-reducible moral properties that are distinct from natural properties.

Within moral anti-realism, subjectivism holds that moral judgments are expressions of personal emotions, attitudes, or preferences, differing from individual to individual. Cultural relativism maintains that moral judgments are contingent upon cultural frameworks, and what is considered morally right or wrong can vary across different societies.

This abstract provides a brief overview of the moral realism versus moral anti-realism debate, focusing on the contrasting concepts of moral objectivity and subjectivity. It highlights key arguments and positions within the debate, such as ethical naturalism, non-naturalist moral realism, subjectivism, and cultural relativism. Further exploration of this topic can contribute to a deeper understanding of the foundations of morality and its implications for ethical theories and human behavior.

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