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THE EFFECTS OF THE EXPIRATION OF THE MULTIFIBRE AGREEMENT (MFA) ON NIGERIAN TEXTILE INDUSTRY; 2005 – 2015: A FOCUS ON NICHEMTEX IKORODU, LAGOS AND TOFA TEXTILE INDUSTRY, KANO
Abstract:
Quantitative restrictions to limit international trade in certain goods have existed for a long time but in no sector have they been as common and broadly applied as in the textile and clothing industries. It was on this basis that World Trade Organization (WTO) and General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) were established as multilateral institutions to regulate trading activities. The Multi Fiber Agreement/Arrangement (MFA), was meant to regulate the legal framework on textile and clothing industries for the period 1974-2005by imposing quotas on textiles exports from developing countries. The MFA existed in phases with 2005 the expiration date. The expiration of MFA in 2005 has produced mixed and divergent consequences on textile industries in developing countries. It is against this background that this study examines the effects of the expiration of MFA on Nichemtex and Tofa textile industries, Nigeria; 2001-2015. The study attempted to achieve the following objectives: To identify the nature of the expiration of the Multi Fibre Agreement (MFA);to examine the effects of the expiration of the Multi Fibre Agreement (MFA) on Tofa and Nichemtex Textile industries; to ascertain the contributions of Nichemtex and Tofa textile industries Nigeria Limited to employment generation and foreign earnings to Nigeria‘s economy; 2001-2015; to ascertain the challenges faced by Nichemtex and Tofa textile industries Nigeria Limited as a result of the expiration of MFA; 2001-2015; and to identify possible solutions to the challenges faced by Nichemtex and Tofa textile industries Nigeria Limited. The study thematically and theoretically reviewed related and relevant literature in addition to examination of empirical studies in line with the objectives of the research. The study adopted neoliberalism as its theoretical frame of analysis. This study relied on both primary data, using the techniques of FGDs, In-depth interview and Questionnaire and secondary sources of data where data were sourced from books, journals, documents and internet materials to complement the primary data. The study used Taro Yamani formula to arrive at 800 questionnaire administered to both Nichemtex and Tofa textile industries out of which 663 were returned valid and used for the analysis of this study. From the analysis of the survey data generated which was complemented with secondary data, the study made the following findings: The aggregated data from both Nichemtex and Tofa textile industries have to a large extent, shown that their findings are similar compared to the earlier findings at the MPhil study. The study also reveals that the secret behind the success of some textile industries in developing countries was partly because of the existence of Textile Research Association and institutions established to provide current and relevant data to textile industries which is absent in Nigeria. The study has also shown that the crises in textile industries in Nigeria are essentially internally induced due to the inability of the Nigerian state to provide institutional and insfrastructural framework as argued by neoliberal scholars.. It is based on this that the study made some recommendations and plans for policy implementation which must involve both government and private sector initiatives.
THE EFFECTS OF THE EXPIRATION OF THE MULTIFIBRE AGREEMENT (MFA) ON NIGERIAN TEXTILE INDUSTRY; 2005 – 2015: A FOCUS ON NICHEMTEX IKORODU, LAGOS AND TOFA TEXTILE INDUSTRY, KANO
