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UNITED NATIONS AND ECOWAS IN PEACEKEEPING IN AFRICA;A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE CONGOLESE AND LIBERIAN CASES
Abstract:
The aim of this study is to asses the roles of United Nations and ECOWAS in Peace Keeping in Africa, differences, constraints, peculiarities and success of each operation with emphasis on Congo and Liberian crisis respectively. It will also establish the fact that each conflict situation as far as peace-keeping is concerned, has its own challenges that would require its own solution for ending the conflict and also responds to its own environment. This research work provides an analytical framework within which the UN and ECOWAS operates. Observational method of research is applicable here i.e. because of its deliberate, sustained, personal observation and its durability in terms of first hand data. Materials, dailies and other references were sought from relevant areas. To aid the researcher, these research questions were posed. 1. As United Nation is charged with the responsibility of ensuring and supervising the cessation of hostilities, why did the organization neglect and ignore the Liberian and Sierra-leone conflicts and attended the earlier one in Congo.? 2. Why did ECOMOG score more success in peace-keeping in Liberia than UN in the Congolese crisis? 3. Are there any considerations and notions behind ECOMOG and UN activities in Liberia and Congo apart from Peace – Keeping? 4. What are the legal problems and implications of these international bodies intervention in the affairs of member states? After thorough research, there were indications that:- 1. The United Nation focuses more attention in problems involving European Nations than in Africa, hence a West African regional organization such as ECOMOG, might be required to fill this gap in West Africa. 2. International conflict situations has its own challenges that would require its own solution for ending the conflict. 3. The UN and ECOWAS should have a clearer and more explicit legal provision as regards peace-keeping. There is no clause in the ECOWAS Treaty permitting the formation or establishment of a peace-keeping force. What ECOWAS has is a mediation committee with a specific mandate to intervene when there is a dispute or conflict situation in between one member state and another. ■ 4. Peace-keeping or peace-observation have been legitimized by general principle of moral obligation within the concept of collective security than by international laws and treaties. Having made these findings, the researcher went further to make some recommendations which if properly put into place, will fill the gaps associated with peace-keeping operations.
UNITED NATIONS AND ECOWAS IN PEACEKEEPING IN AFRICA;A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE CONGOLESE AND LIBERIAN CASES
