ABSTRACT

The production of soya bean glue was undertaken using soya bean meal which the oil have been removed by leaching with petroleum ether.

Also, cashew nut shell liquid a deep brown liquid was used to produce cashew nut shell liquid resin which was in turn used for the produce the glue.

On analysis, the binding properties and setting time of the aforementioned adhesives were determined and compared with those of other adhesive produced from the market. The produced adhesives displayed higher binding powers and setting time, relative to the market adhesive and were proved suitable for use in the plywood industries.

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1     DEFINITION OF ADHESIVE

An adhesive is a substance that sticks to the surface of an object such that two surfaces become bonded.

       For a material to perform as an adhesive, it must have four main requirements:

It must “wet” the surfaces-That is it must flow out over the surfaces that are being bonded, displacing all air and other contaminants that are present.

It must adhere to the surfaces-that is after flowing over the whole surface area it must start to adhere and stay in position and become “tacky”.

It must develop strength-the material must now change its structure to become strong or non-tacky but still adherent also it must remain stable-the materials must remain unaffected by age, environmental conditions and other factors as long as the bond is required.

Therefore, the basic definition of an adhesive as used by the adhesive sealant council in America is “A material used for bonding that exhibits flow at the time of application.

Bonding of materials, as it is always thought of when synthetic adhesives are mentioned has been largely an empirical art because the necessary understanding of the phenomenon of adhesion has been lacking. A better theoretical basis has recently begun to be built, although these are still many controversial issues, as can be seen from the different approaches in the process of adhesive manufacturers.

Recent development in chemical industry has necessitated the need for synthetic adhesives. Sequel to this development a broad range of adhesives is finding application in the chemical industry and elsewhere. Some of its application are packaging, bottle labeling. Book-keeping, leather working as well as automotive maintenance.

It should not be over emphasized that most of the adhesives currently in use in this country are imported, and the existing plants depend on importation for the bulk of this raw materials. As the result of the prevailing economic realities of the days, there has been a drastic act on important of adhesive and its raw materials and this situation creates unlimited opportunity for profitable and attractive investment in the research interest of this project cut across ways of preparing adhesives of optimum level with favourable economics.

The scope of this project covers the preparation of cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) and soya bean adhesives.

Finally, cost, toxicity and flammability are to be considered if the formulation has commercial intentions.

1.2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

This project is primarily aimed at producing plywood adhesives from local raw materials, with view to reducing the cost of production.

The binding powers of most adhesives find in Nigerian markets are not very encouraging. To this end, this work also took inventory into the properties of existing plywood adhesive with interest to formulating those that have greater and improved qualities.

Most of these adhesive can be produced in commercial qualities and through this, the growth of our infant industries will be greatly enhanced.