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ASSESSMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS AND SAFETY MEASURES IN AUTOMOBILE ASSEMBLY COMPANIES IN SOUTH-EAST, NIGERIA.
Abstract
Occupational hazards are recognized as a major threat to the health of workers in all manufacturing industries, including the automobile assembly industry. There is dearth of data on occupational hazards and safety measures in the automobile assembly industry in Nigeria. There is need to explore the current situation as regards occupational hazards and safety measures in the automobile assembly industry in Nigeria, especially with the new automotive policy by the federal government called “National Automotive Industry Development Plan” (NAIDP) which aimed at increasing local production of automobiles. This study was conducted in two automobile assembly companies
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in South-east Nigeria. The study assessed the level of knowledge of the workers regarding occupational hazards in their workplace, determined the common occupational hazards the workers were exposed to and also determined the safety measures currently in place in the companies.
This is a cross-sectional descriptive study. Data were collected using both quantitative and qualitative methods. The quantitative method utilized semi-structured, pre-tested, interviewer- administered questionnaires to obtain information on occupational hazards and safety measures and an observational checklist to obtain information on safety measures, while the qualitative aspect involved Key Informant Interview (KII) of the safety managers, the workers’ union leaders and the occupational health officers in the companies studied. The respondents were all the production staff in the two automobile assembly companies. Quantitative data was analysed with the SPSS version 20 software and summarised using proportions and means, and were presented in tables for easy appreciation. Qualitative data was analysed thematically.
A total of 318 respondents participated in this study; 268 workers in Innoson Vehicle Manufacturing Company (IVM) and 50 workers in Anambra Motor Manufacturing Company (ANAMMCO). Males constituted 96.9% of the respondents while females constituted 3.1% of the respondents. The mean age of the respondents was 27.88±7.28 years. Among the respondents 72.0% were single, 94.0% had secondary education and 92.8% were Ibos. Christianity was the commonest religion among the respondents (98.7%). Of all the respondents, 44.3% have worked for 1 to 2 years, while the mean years of working in the companies was 3.62 ± 4.07 years. The body shop section had the highest number of workers (32.1%), followed by the final finishing section (25.8%). A high proportion of the respondents (95.6%) knew that there were hazards in
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their workplace and 78% of the respondents were able to identify at least one hazard in their workplace. Also 76.7% of the respondents were able to identify at least one occupational illness/injury that can occur in their workplace. Among the respondents 77.7% were able to identify at least one measure to prevent occupational illnesses/injuries in their workplace. All the respondents (100%) believed that the use of Personal Protective Devices (PPDs) was necessary and 76.7% were able to identify at least one PPD that is necessary in their workplace. Only 19.2% of the respondents had pre-employment medical examination before they started work. Only 57.2% of the respondents went for periodic medical examination. Among the respondents, 18.2% felt that periodic medical examination was not necessary, while 24.5% did not go for periodic medical examination because of lack of funds. Among the respondents, 73.9% reported that their employer did not organize occupational safety and health training for newly employed workers. Majority of the respondents (71.1%) responded that their employer does not organize occupational safety and health training for the workers. All the respondents (100%) responded that they were provided PPDs, but only 15.0% used the PPDs “always”. Majority of the respondents (76.4%) had experienced at least one occupational illness/injury. The observational checklist revealed the following findings at the companies: lack of first aid kits, lack of eyewash stations, workers were not wearing appropriate PPDs, machines with hot surfaces were not appropriately labelled, the fire extinguishers were not adequate, power cords were seen lying on the walkway and some electrical outlets were not appropriately covered. Major findings from the KII included: lack of a written safety and health policy, non-existence of a safety and health committee, lack of staff clinic or sick bay, lack of occupational health officer on ground, lack of occupational safety and health training for the workers, inadequate PPDs, lack of enforcement of the use of PPDs, etc.
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This study concluded that the level of knowledge of the workers regarding occupational hazards was high, the workers were exposed to many hazards in their workplace, the usage of PPDs was low, and the safety measures in the companies were grossly inadequate. Appropriate intervention should be put in place to protect the health of the workers.
Title Page———i
Certification——–ii
Dedication———iii
Acknowledgement——-iv
Abstract ———vi
Table of Content——–vii
Chapter One
1.0 Introduction ——-1
1.1 Statement of Problem——4
1.2 Purpose of the Study——5
1.3 Significance of Study——8
1.4 Limitation——–9
1.5 Scope of Study——-11
Chapter Two
2.0 Review of Related Literature —-12
2.6 Summary of Literature Review—- 19
Chapter Three
3.0 Research Methodology and Procedure—22
3.1 Population ——–22
3.2 Sample and Sampling Technique—-22
3.3 Validation of the Instrument —-23
3.4 Reliability of the Instrument —–23
3.5 Data Analysis——-23
Chapter Four
4.0 Presentation and Discussion of Result—24
4.1 Analysis and interpretaion of Data—25
4.2 Discussion of Results——38
Chapter Five
5.0. Summary, Conclusion, and Recommendation –40
5.1 Summary——–40
5.2 Conclusion——–41
5.3 Recommendation——42
References ———45
Appendix 1——–47
Appendix ———50
