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STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CD4+ LYMPHOCYTE COUNT AND ABSOLUTE LYMPHOCYTE COUNT IN TREATMENT NAÏVE HIV/AIDS PATIENT IN ABUTH, ZARIA
Abstract
HIV infection reduces CD4+ T lymphocyte cell count (CCC) and this predisposes to opportunistic infections and associated malignancies. The study analyses the relationship between CD4+ and Absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) with a view to making ALC a surrogate for CCC. There were 20 control, 6 (30%) females and 14 (70%) males. Four hundred (400) adult Nigerians infected with HIV-1 participated in the study. Of these 187 (46.8%) and 213 (53.2%) were males and females respectively. They were assessed clinically and immunologically, and categorized into three clinical stages A, B, and C according to CDC criteria. Blood specimens were taken at enrollment for haematological parameters and CCC. Data was collated and analyzed. One hundred and eight (27%)of the study subjects were in stage A, 153 (38.5%) in stage B, and 139 (34.8%) in stage C. Two hundred and thirteen (53.3%) of the study subjects were in the HIV category while 187 (46.7%)in the AIDS category. The mean ALC of all the study subjects was 2.26-x 109/l ± 1.86 while the mean CCC was 281.6-cells/µl ± 21.92. The mean ALC were 2.64-x 109/l 2.87 for stage A, 2.32-x 109/l ± 1.50 for stage B and 1.91-x 109/l ± 0.96 for stage C. The mean CCC were 506 cells/l 260, 256 cells/l 128, 134 cells/l 80 for stages A, B, C respectively. The mean CCC for the HIV infected and AIDS category were 406 227-cells/l, 138 76.1 cells/l respectively. A statistically significantly low sensitivity of 48% and specificity 68% was obtained in overall study subjects. Coefficient of correlation between ALC and CCC was weak r- value 0.074, but was statistically not significant. However a strong association was obtained in the male gender. Absolute lymphocyte count is therefore a weak and an insensitive surrogate of CCC.
