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PREVALENCE AND PATTERN OF ANAEMIA IN HIV SEROPOSITIVE INDIVIDUALS IN BENIN CITY
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of anaemia among HIV infected patients on ART and those who were ART naive and evaluate the pattern together with associated risk factors.
A total of 160 patients were studied, 80 were on ART (30 males and 50 females) and 80 ART naive patients (27 males and53 females). Patients were selected via a random process, five millilitres of venous blood was obtained for each patient into EDTA bottle to determine the full blood count, serum vitamin B12 level, direct Coombs test and peripheral blood film. The bone marrow was assessed for cytology and stained for iron. The results obtained were analysed using chi squared and Pearsons correlation coefficient where applicable.
The prevalence of anaemia in patients without comorbidities was significantly higher among ART naive (55%) than in HIV patients on ART (36.4%); (p< 0.001). The mean Serum vitamin B12 levels was lower in both groups of patients compared to the controls, this was significant in ART naive patients (p < 0.001). Although within normal limits. Vitamin B12 deficiency was observed in 4% and 5% of group A and B patients with corresponding macrocytosis. However, macrocytosis was seen in both groups A and B patients without B12 deficiency (13% and 8% respectively). A positive direct Coombs test was obtained for 23.8% of patients on ART compared to 21.3% in ART naive patients (p < 0.001). Stainable bone marrow iron was negative in 27% of patients on ART when compared to 33% in ART naive group (p> 0.05). The dominant red cell morphology in both groups of patients was hypochromic microcytic picture (50% and 56% respectively p < 0.001). Iron deficiency occurred in 15% of patients from each group. A positive correlation was observed between haemoglobin
and CD4 count (r = 0.031, p > 0.05), in patients on ART and ART naïve in both patients on ART and ART naive patients (r =0.237, p < 0.05).
In conclusion this study has confirmed that the prevalence of anaemia was high in HIV patients whether or not they are on treatment, with hypochromic microcytic blood film morphology being the most common pattern. Vitamin B12 deficiency was uncommon and iron deficiency occurred in ART and naïve patients alike.
