INSULIN AND INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR-1 IN THE CORD BLOOD OF MACROSOMIC BABIES IN LAGOS, NIGERIA

Abstract

Background: Measurement of the levels of glucose, insulin and Insulin Growth
Like-Factor-1( IGF-1) in cord blood of macrosomic babies and normosomic
controls, and determining the correlation of these biomarkers with foetal
anthropometric measures of birth weight, foetal length and Occipito-Frontal-
Circumference.
Method: A cross-sectional study of cord-blood insulin and insulin-like growth
factor-1, in which One hundred and fifty babies (150) [ 100 macrosomic ( ≥4kg) and
50 normosomic controls ( 2.5-3.5kg)] at birth were recruited from the Lagos
University Teaching Hospital, and four (4) maternal and child health affiliates of
General Hospitals in Lagos State ( Randle, Isolo, Mushin and Island maternity),
and cord blood samples were collected at the point of delivery ( caesarean section
and vaginal birth) following the separation of the babies from their mother. Foetal
anthropometry were determined within 24hrs, and collected cord samples were
stored at -800C until assay time for the biomarkers.
Result: Mean levels of glucose in both macrosomic and normosomic control babies
were not stastically significant, (78.52 ±19.22 vs74.49±30.93 respectively p= 0.329).
Plasma IGF-1 and Insulin level were statistically significant with levels in
macrosomia higher than normosomic controls (IGF-1: 85.09vs53.94 p=0.0001 //
Insulin: 4.84 vs 3.51 p=0.023 respectively.). Similarly, anthropometric parameters
showed significant correlation with the biomarkers (IGF-1 r=0.301(FL), r= 0.373
(OFC), 0.471 (birth weight) p=0.0001.// Insulin: r=0.190 (FL), r= 0.181 (birth
weight) p<0.05) except for insulin and OFC which was not statistically significant.
There was very weak negative correlation between glucose and the birth
anthropometric parameters (Glucose r= -0.002(FL), r= -0.114(OFC), r= -0.061(birth
weight) all not statistically significant.
Conclusion: Foetal macrosomia is associated with high levels of Insulin like growth
factor-1 and hyperinsulinaemia, while glucose levels was not statistically significant
between the macrosomic and normosomic babies. Similarly, there is correlation
between these biomarkers and anthropometric measures in the babies.

INSULIN AND INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR-1 IN THE CORD BLOOD OF MACROSOMIC BABIES IN LAGOS, NIGERIA