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Assessing Hematological Profiles in Women and Children Infected with Malarial Parasites in Bosso and Paikoro Local Government Areas, Niger State.
ABSTRACT:
Malaria remains a significant public health challenge, particularly in the African region, despite the presence of anti-malarial drugs and various preventive strategies such as insecticide-treated nets, indoor residual spraying, and intermittent preventive treatment during pregnancy. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of malaria parasites and their impact on hematological indices among women and children attending selected government health facilities in Bosso and Paikoro Local Government Areas of Niger State, Nigeria.
Blood samples were collected from 500 patients attending selected Primary Health Care facilities in both areas. Plasmodium examination was conducted using a rapid diagnostic test cassette for the qualitative detection of Histidine Rich Protein II (HRP-II) antigen of Plasmodium falciparum in human whole blood. Hematological analysis was performed using automated standard methods.
The study revealed an overall prevalence of 49% for malaria in the area, with Bosso LGA showing a prevalence of 48% and Paikoro LGA 50%. Among the total population, children had a malaria prevalence of 70.7%, pregnant women 44.6%, and non-pregnant women 33.9%. Statistical analysis showed that age, gender, educational background, occupation, hemoglobin content, and blood group were all significant risk factors for malarial infection (p < 0.05).
The hematological analysis indicated an association between anemia and malaria, with severities measured at p < 0.05, ranging from mild, moderate, to severe anemia. Genotype AA had more cases of malarial parasite infection compared to other genotypes, with a prevalence of 50.2%. The lowest prevalence of 16.6% was observed among subjects with genotype SS. Among children, the age group 10-12 years recorded the highest prevalence (75.0%) of malaria, followed by the age group 0-4 with a prevalence of 70.8%, while the age group 41-50 had the lowest malaria prevalence of 35.7%. Age was identified as a significant risk factor influencing malarial infection (p < 0.05).
To sustain the progress made in the global fight against malaria, it is crucial to enforce various control strategies effectively, such as the use of Insecticide-Treated Nets (ITNs), Intermittent Preventive Treatment in Pregnancy (IPTP), Larva Source Management (LSM), and Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS). Continued efforts in these areas will be essential for controlling and eliminating malaria effectively.
Assessing Hematological Profiles in Women and Children Infected with Malarial Parasites in Bosso and Paikoro Local Government Areas, Niger State.
