SPONTANEOUS FLOW TRANSITIONS IN ACTIVE POLAR GELS

SPONTANEOUS FLOW TRANSITIONS IN ACTIVE POLAR GELS

Abstract:
Active matter systems, such as active polar gels, exhibit fascinating emergent collective behaviors due to the energy input from their constituent active particles. The interplay between self-propulsion and the material properties of active polar gels leads to a rich variety of dynamical phenomena, including spontaneous flow transitions. In this abstract, we provide an overview of the spontaneous flow transitions observed in active polar gels and highlight their underlying mechanisms.

Active polar gels are composed of self-propelled particles embedded in a polymeric gel matrix. The self-propulsion arises from the conversion of internal energy into directed motion, often powered by ATP hydrolysis or other biochemical processes. The gel matrix provides structural integrity and can exhibit viscoelastic properties, allowing for complex material behavior.

One intriguing feature of active polar gels is the ability to undergo spontaneous flow transitions without any external driving forces. These transitions involve the transition from a quiescent or disordered state to a flowing state, characterized by the emergence of directed motion and macroscopic flow. The spontaneous nature of these transitions sets them apart from conventional flow transitions observed in passive materials.

The underlying mechanisms driving spontaneous flow transitions in active polar gels are rooted in the interplay between the active forces generated by the self-propelled particles and the mechanical response of the gel matrix. The self-propulsion introduces anisotropy in the system, leading to the alignment and collective motion of particles. This alignment can induce stress gradients in the gel matrix, resulting in the emergence of flow. Additionally, the gel matrix can exhibit shear-thinning or shear-thickening behavior, further influencing the flow transitions.

The spontaneous flow transitions in active polar gels have important implications for various biological and non-biological systems. In biological systems, such as cytoskeletal networks and cell migration, active polar gels play a crucial role in dynamic processes. Understanding the mechanisms and control of spontaneous flow transitions can shed light on the collective behavior of biological systems and aid in the design of artificial active materials with desired functionalities.

In summary, spontaneous flow transitions in active polar gels represent intriguing phenomena arising from the interplay between self-propulsion and the material properties of the gel matrix. Investigating these transitions provides insights into the fundamental principles governing active matter and opens up avenues for the development of novel materials and technologies with active functionalities.

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