INSTITUTIONALIZATION, MAINSTREAMING OR INCLUSION

INSTITUTIONALIZATION, MAINSTREAMING OR INCLUSION: CHALLENGES FOR SPECIAL EDUCATION IN NIGERIA. 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page                                                                                  i

Declaration                                                                                ii

Approval Page                                                                           iii

Dedication                                                                                  iv

Abstract                                                                                     vi

Table of Contents                                                                      vii

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1    Inroduction                                                 1

1.2  Background of the study       3

1.3    Statement of the General Problem                                  4

1.4    Objective of the study                                                       5

1.5    Significance of the study                                                  5

1.6    Statement of hypothesis                                                   6

1.7    Scope of the study                                                             6

1.8    Limitation of the study                                                     7

1.9    Definition of terms                                                            7

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0    Introduction                                                                      9

2.1    Review of related literature                                             9

2.2    Theoretical framework

2.3    Summary of review                                                           33

CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1    Introduction                                                                      35

3.2    Research design                                                                35

3.3    Area of study                                                                    35

3.4    Population of the study                                                    36

3.5    Sample size                                                                       36

3.6    Instrument for data collection                                          36

3.7    Reliability of the instrument                                            37

3.8    Validity of the Instrument                                               38

3.9    Method of data Collection                                                 38

3.10  Method of Data Analysis                                                  39

CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

4.1    Introduction                                                                      41

4.2    Characteristics of the respondents                                   41

4.3    Presentation of Data Analysis                                         43

4.4    Discussion of Findings                                                     48

4.5    Summary of findings                                                        49

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1    Summary                                                                          51

5.2    Conclusion                                                                        52

5.3    Recommendation                                                              53

Biography                                                                         54

Appendix                                                                           56

Abstract:
This abstract provides an overview of the challenges faced by special education in Nigeria concerning institutionalization, mainstreaming, and inclusion. Special education plays a crucial role in addressing the diverse needs of individuals with disabilities and ensuring their access to quality education. However, Nigeria faces significant hurdles in effectively implementing inclusive education practices.

Firstly, institutionalization has been a traditional approach in Nigeria, where individuals with disabilities are often placed in separate special schools or institutions. This practice reinforces segregation and limits opportunities for social integration and interaction with their non-disabled peers. The lack of inclusive policies and inadequate resources further exacerbate the challenges faced by special education in Nigeria.

Secondly, mainstreaming, which involves integrating students with disabilities into regular schools, also faces challenges. While mainstreaming initiatives have been introduced in Nigeria, there is a lack of teacher training, awareness, and support to effectively cater to the diverse needs of students with disabilities in regular classrooms. Moreover, the physical infrastructure of many schools is not designed to accommodate students with disabilities.

Lastly, inclusion, which aims to provide equal opportunities for individuals with disabilities within the regular education system, faces substantial obstacles in Nigeria. Limited funding, inadequate infrastructure, and a shortage of specialized teachers and support staff hinder the implementation of inclusive practices. Additionally, societal attitudes and stereotypes towards disability often create barriers to inclusion, perpetuating discrimination and exclusion.

Addressing these challenges requires a multi-faceted approach. Policymakers need to develop comprehensive inclusive education policies that prioritize the rights and needs of individuals with disabilities. This includes allocating adequate funding for special education, providing professional development opportunities for teachers, and improving the physical accessibility of schools. Moreover, awareness campaigns and community engagement efforts are crucial to combatting stigma and promoting acceptance of individuals with disabilities.

In conclusion, Nigeria faces significant challenges in institutionalizing, mainstreaming, and implementing inclusive practices in special education. The barriers include limited resources, a lack of awareness and training, and societal prejudices. However, by adopting a holistic approach that focuses on policy reform, resource allocation, teacher training, and changing societal attitudes, Nigeria can work towards creating a more inclusive education system that caters to the diverse needs of all learners, regardless of their disabilities.

INSTITUTIONALIZATION, MAINSTREAMING OR INCLUSION: CHALLENGES FOR SPECIAL EDUCATION IN NIGERIA. GET MORE EDUCATION PROJECT TOPICS AND MATERIALS 

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