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CONVERSATION ANALYSIS OF MARKET EXCHANGES IN YORUBA LAND
ABSTRACT
Bargaining procedure is an important aspect of market transaction whereby prices of goods are determined. From these interactions, some kinds of patterns emerged but which have not been accorded enough studious attention. However, there have been some related works on language attitude in market transaction in a typical Yoruba town and the structure of Yoruba local drug advertisement with focus on ‘attention orientation’. To date, no work seems to have focused specifically on the structure of market exchanges in Yoruba land. This work therefore is an analysis of the structure of market exchanges in Yoruba land. It studied transactions on some selected goods such as: textile materials, foodstuff, soup ingredients and domestic animals. Interactants on these goods include male buyers/female sellers and female sellers/female buyers. Among them are familiar and unfamiliar participants. Markets used are located in the six state capitals of the core Yoruba speaking states of Akure, Ado, Oshogbo, Ibadan, Idumota and Abeokuta. The study adopts an eclectic model approach to language study to capture both the social and structural aspects of conversations among people from all walks of life in Nigeria. The data analysis shows that the cooperation enjoyed by participants helps in structuring discourse in market situations and enables participants to adhere strictly to the rule of turn taking. This adherence prevents frequent interruptions and overlaps. Participants also listen to current speakers to understand and interpret utterances correctly. This attention works for the high percentage of ‘preferred’ responses over ‘dispreferred’ responses in the data. It is finally noted that despite abrupt termination of some transactions, exchanges in markets are structured and organized as most have beginnings, middles and endings. The paper ends by showing the linguistic and social relevance of its findings and how these can be used, if adopted, to promote social understanding among Nigerians.
CONVERSATION ANALYSIS OF MARKET EXCHANGES IN YORUBA LAND
