rfid based automatic traffic violation ticketing

RFID BASED AUTOMATIC TRAFFIC VIOLATION TICKETING

CHAPTER 0NE

• BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The study presents an automated system for ticketing in the Public Transport System (PTS) which is based on passenger identification. This is a user friendly system, which will automatically identify the passenger and deduct the passenger’s fare according to the distance travelled. The Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) card and GPS are used to make the identification of passenger and transaction very precise. The cards being reusable, they are much more convenient compared to the paper based ticketing system. RFID cards are distributes among the public. The unique ID in the RFID cards are stored in a database in the internet along with personal data and creates accounts for each person. By accessing this database, it is thus possible to identify the traveller, check his account and deduct the fare from his/her account. Creating database facilitates efficient filtering of anti-social elements and gives firm assurance to both passenger and PTS about the transaction. Fare calculation is done with the help of GPS module and internet. So a change in fare does not create any confusion as fare calculation is done by evaluating position by GPS module and rate through internet. System thus reduces human errors and efforts. The RFID reader used is MFRC522. Minicomputer Raspberry Pi is used as control unit and programing is done using Python. GPS module 02 is used for the purpose of distance measuring. Servo motors and LCD are used for controlling and monitoring respectively.

The operation of standard traffic lights which are currently deployed in many junctions, are based on predetermined timing schemes, which are fixed during the installation, and remain until further resetting. The timing  is no more than a default setup to control what may be considered as normal traffic. Although every road junction by necessity requires different traffic light timing setup,many existing systems operate with an over simplifiedsequence. This has instigated various ideas and scenariosto solve the traffic problem. To design an intelligent andefficient traffic control system, a number of parametersthat represent the status of the road conditions must beidentified and taken into consideration.Most of the presentintelligent traffic lights are sensor based with a certainalgorithm that controls the switching operation of thesystem . This approach considers the trafficto be moving smoothly, and hence does not require anymanagement or monitoring of traffic conditions.When some unpredictable situation developed, or whencongestion occurs, there is no proper way of dealing withsuchdevelopment. A more elaborate approach has beenintroduced to overcome these problems. It employs real-time traffic flow monitoring with image tracking systems[3] , [4] . Although this method can give a quantitativedescription of traffic flow [5] , it involves severallimitations. The processing in real time on a largescale,may present prohibitive requirements. Some commonproblems involved in image processing system includeFalse Acceptance Rate (FAR) and False Rejection Rate(FRR). Normally, in case of jam-packed traffic, thecomputer vision results in erroneous detection . RFID Technology RFID is only one of numeroustechnologies grouped under the term AutomaticIdentification (Auto ID), such as bar code,magnetic inks,optical character recognition, voice recognition, touchmemory, smart cards, biometrics etc. The RFIDtechnology is a means of gathering data about a certainitem without the need of touching or seeing the datacarrier, through the use of inductive coupling orelectromagnetic waves. The data carrier is a microchipattached to an antenna (together called transponder or tag),the latter enabling the chip to transmit information to areader (or transceiver) within a given range, which canforward the information to a host computer. Themiddleware (software for reading and writing tags) and thetag can be enhanced by data encryption for security-critical application at an extra cost, and anti-collisionalgorithms may be implemented for the tags ifseveral of them are to be read simultaneously.One important feature enabling RFID for tracking objects is its capability to provide unique identification.

• STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Public transportation system remains the major source of income in most of the developing countries like India. But PTS now faces severe malfunction and various security problems. First, there is a lot of confusion between the passengers regarding fares which lead to quarrels and corruption. In addition to this, nowadays there is a severe security crisis in PTS due antisocial elements. The user friendly automated ticketing system suggested in this paper will not only automatically deduct the passenger’s fare according to the distance travelled but also detect the passenger’s identification. This is possible by use of RFID cards and GPS, and can be used to make the transaction and travelling very precise. This paper basically deals with the identification and ticketing of the passengers travelling by the bus. Also discusses possible future extensions of this system in areas such as Internet–of-Things (IoT).The idea of using RFID in PTS was previously put forward by different personalities [1-6] . But the system proposed here stays closer to a future ticketing system than anything else. Usage of Raspberry Pi is another important feature owing to possibilities of future expansions and alternations. With the advent of new systems to replace Pi, smaller and more reliable systems are expected to come into existence. RFID has been an emerging technology in recent years. RFID technology can be effectively employed in number of applications due to its penchant for efficiency.As for its application, it’s been a widespread tool for both tracking the transit transports. A fundamental system of RFID consists of two primary components: The reader circuit and tag, details of which are discussed later.The usage of RFID has a great advantage as it is considered to be an integral part of IoT. IoT refers to a global network infrastructure, linking physical and virtual objects through exploitation of data capture and communication capabilities [7] .Identification of objects is a huge task ahead of IoT and usage of RFID in PTS can be considered a step towards implementing IoT[10] .The proposed system mainly acts to bring out the consistency among various bus agencies that will conclude in uniform access of passengers in daily rides through an automated server being updated every single time the passengers travel by carrying the RFID based tickets.Traffic congestion and tidal flow managementwere recognizedas major problems in modern urban areas,which have caused much frustration and loss of man hours.The operation of standard traffic lights which are currentlydeployed in many junctions, are based on predeterminedtiming schemes, which are fixed during the installation andremain until further resetting. The timing is no more than adefault setup to control what may be considered as normaltraffic. Although every road junction by necessity requiresdifferent traffic light timing setup, many existing systemsoperate with a default sequence. To design an intelligent andefficient traffic control system, a number of parameters thatrepresent the status of the road conditions must be identifiedand taken into consideration.

• OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The study objective is centered on Rfid based automatic traffic violation ticketing. The study seeks to develop  project on RFID based Bus Ticketing System. The idea was to create a system capable of mass identification process, precise location data recorder and easier and faster contactless payment.

 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The study shall be of immense significance to policy makers for further development

• SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The study focuses on the appraisal of Rfid based automatic traffic violation ticketing.

 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

The study was confronted with logistics constraints

• DEFINITION OF TERMS

RFID DEFINED

RFID is only one of numeroustechnologies grouped under the term AutomaticIdentification (Auto ID), such as bar code,magnetic inks,optical character recognition, voice recognition, touchmemory, smart cards, biometrics etc. The RFIDtechnology is a means of gathering data about a certainitem without the need of touching or seeing the datacarrier, through the use of inductive coupling orelectromagnetic waves. The data carrier is a microchipattached to an antenna (together called transponder or tag),the latter enabling the chip to transmit information to areader (or transceiver) within a given range, which canforward the information to a host computer. Themiddleware (software for reading and writing tags) and thetag can be enhanced by data encryption for security-critical application at an extra cost, and anti-collisionalgorithms may be implemented for the tags ifseveral of them are to be read simultaneously.One important featureenabling RFID for tracking objectsis its capability toprovide unique identification.[

rfid based automatic traffic violation ticketing

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