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IMPACT OF LEADERSHIP STYLES ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN COMMERCIAL BANKS IN KANO (A STUDY OF ACCESS BANK PLC)
ABSTRACT
The impact of different leadership styles on employee performance was investigated in this study, whereby the proposed styles included transformational leadership, democratic leadership, and autocratic leadership. The required data were collected by utilizing a structured questionnaire and a convenient random sampling was used for technique of analysis, engaging a sampling size of 160 employees of Access Bank plc in Kano state. The data was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 20 and presented in frequency tables while hypotheses were tested using multiple regression model. The study made use of the descriptive survey to research, thus the use of quantitative primary data collected from the field. The study made use of the convenience sampling technique and sampled one hundred and sixty (160) respondents from four local government areas in Kano Metropolis, Kano State, Nigeria with a response rate of 94%. The study utilized spearman rank correlation and multiple regression techniques to analyze the data collected from the field. The correlation analysis showed that all the variables have a positive relationship, with the exception of autocratic leadership style which is negative and significant relationship with bank performance. The multiple regression results showed that an increase in transformational leadership style will lead to a 21.2% increase in bank performance. Also, a one percent (1%) increase in Autocratic leadership style will lead to a 34.5% decrease in bank performance. Also, an average of one percent (1%) increase in democratic leadership style will lead to a 21.2% increase in bank performance. The study recommended that bank managers should put more effort in using transformational and democratic leadership styles with their staff and regularize or avoid autocratic leadership styles which has an inverse implication on employee performance.
CHAPTERONE
The issues of leadership are critical in the society we live today. There is no organization, institutions, or groups that don’t have a leader. Likewise, there is no formal entity that does not function without a leader. This implies that leadership is critical to social and economic development of any entity in the world.
Leadership style is a key determinant of the success or failure of any organization. According to Muchiri and Hazel (2018) a leader is a person who influences, directs, and motivates others to perform specific tasks and also inspire his subordinates for efficient performance towards the accomplishment of the stated corporate objectives. Leadership styles have diverse effects on variables such as flexibility, standards, rewards, clarity and commitment and in some cases, on organizational climates as the behaviour of the leader produce motivation mechanisms which have effect on the conduct of individual’s performance in the organization (Muchiri & Hazel 2018). Thus, the essence of leadership is followership. Effective leadership is the extent to which a leader constantly and progressively leads and directs his or her followers, towards organizational performance (Muchiri & Hazel 2018).
Leadership styles can either improve or derail employee performance. That is, a particular style of leadership has a direct influence or effect on the improvement and successes of the employees in an organization. Leadership is a critical management skill, involving the ability to encourage a group of people towards common goal. Leadership focuses on the development of followers and their needs (Ojokuku Odetayo & Sajuyigbe 2012).
In recent times, many Nigerian banks, have recorded cases of immoral and unethical banking practices, gratifications, inability to meet basic required obligations, and incessant financial distress syndrome. This may be as a result of ineffective leadership. The prime motive of many organizations is to achieve its stated objectives, hence the need to effectively coordinate and motivate the workers by an effective leader (Ojokuku Odetayo & Sajuyigbe 2012). Unfortunately, some banks do not take cognizance of the leadership style adopted by their managers. It is on this premise that this study set out to examine the impact of leadership styles on employee performance in commercial Banks in Kano. This case study of the research is Access Bank Plc Kano branches.
Little attention has been drawn on the impact of leadership styles on employee performance in the banking sector in Nigeria in recent literature. Most recent literature in Nigeria concentrated on jobs satisfaction. This study therefore seeks to identify and examine the impact of various leadership styles on bank performance. This is because most of the study in Nigeria did not examine the impact of several leadership styles on employee performance in deposit money banks in Nigeria considering that it is an industry that is very competitive and relates with customers.
Majority of the existing literatures in this area focused on single or specific leadership styles, however, this research attempts to evaluate multiple leadership styles and to also evaluate their impact on employee performance (Access Bank plc).
A review of previous research such as the study of Ojokuku, Odetayo and Sajuyigbe (2012) made an attempt to examine the impact of various leadership style on banks in Nigeria. However, the study made use of simple percentages and frequency counts. This study aimed to upgrade the methodology by using the correlation and regression analysis to examine the impact of leadership styles on employee performance. The study analyzed transformational leadership style, autocratic leadership style and democratic leadership style to evaluate bank performance using responses of employees of Access banks in Kano Metropolis, Kano State, Nigeria.
- Research Questions
The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between leadership styles and employee performance in Kano Metropolis, Kano State Nigeria. To this end, the following research questions were designed.
- How does transformational leadership style affect banking performance in Kano Metropolis?
- What is the impact of autocratic leadership style on bank performance in Kano Metropolis?
- What is the impact of democratic leadership style on bank performance in Kano Metropolis?
The broad objective of this study is to assess how leadership styles influence employee performance in Kano Metropolis, Kano State Nigeria. This broad objective had been subdivided into the following specific objectives:
- To identify how transformational leadership style impact bank performance in Kano Metropolis.
- To find out how autocratic leadership style impacts bank performance in Kano Metropolis.
In view of the foregoing study, with respect to the relationship between leadership styles and employee performance in Kano Metropolis, Kano State Nigeria. The following hypotheses were drawn;
Ho1: Transformational leadership style does not have any impact on bank performance in Kano Metropolis.
H02: Autocratic leadership style has no impact on bank performance in Kano Metropolis.
H03: Democratic leadership style has no impact on bank performance in Kano Metropolis.
- Significance of the Study
This research work attempts to improve the general understanding of leadership styles and employee performance in the banking sector. Given the important role of banking in our economy such as the Access bank plc, it is important to assess if the normal effects of the different leadership styles hold. As one of the major problems affecting our bank workers and our economy at large, the findings serve as a guideline for bank managers to improve on their leadership styles as a means to have a stable and efficient firm with good leaders who can inspire their followers.
The bank staff and its customers benefit from this research. The findings are beneficial to the Regulatory, stakeholders and decision makers. Furthermore, it serves as a useful addition to existing literature and useful to students and other researchers, and it also provides a basis for further research.
- Scope and Limitations of the Study
The scope of this study is to cover the influence of leadership and leadership styles on employee performance in the banking industry in Nigeria. This research centers mainly on employees’ performance and is limited to access bank in Kano metropolis. This study looked at the performance from the viewpoints of staff of five years, dating from 2017- 2021. The research work focused mainly on the impact of leadership style and how it affects the performance of the workers. The study also used Access Bank Plc for the sampling of opinions. The field survey was conducted in Kano State Nigeria because it was closer to access.
- Justification of the study
The study focuses on leadership and employee performance with the view of assessing the relevance of leadership style on workers’ performance in the corporate setting such as access bank which is in the league of new generation banks in Nigeria.
Furthermore, leadership styles vary from one organization to another, hence the need to ascertain their relationship to performance and also assess its interplay with contingency theory which underpins this research.
IMPACT OF LEADERSHIP STYLES ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN COMMERCIAL BANKS IN KANO (A STUDY OF ACCESS BANK PLC)
