Optimizing Data Communication in Wireless Sensor Networks.

Optimizing Data Communication in Wireless Sensor Networks.

Abstract:

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) consist of micro-sensors capable of monitoring physical and environmental factors. These networks typically consist of resource-constrained sensor nodes and gateways, posing challenges in networking due to limited computational capability, data storage, energy, and communication bandwidth. To address these limitations, lightweight communication protocols are emerging for Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications.

Among the various application layer protocols for data communication in WSNs, the Message Queue Telemetry Transport Protocol (MQTT) with a variant for sensor nodes (MQTT-SN) and the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) are the two most popular options for constrained devices. Previous studies have shown that the performance of these protocols depends on different network conditions. CoAP demonstrates greater efficiency in terms of message overhead, while MQTT-SN is more efficient in terms of client complexity. However, implementing any of these protocols can be challenging due to varying application requirements.

This project proposes the integration of MQTT-SN and CoAP protocols using an abstraction layer to enable their concurrent use in a sensor node. The system’s performance was evaluated based on latency per message size in bytes transmitted for different quality of service (QoS) levels and energy consumption per node.

The study results showed that latency values slightly increased as the packet size increased. The lowest latency was observed in MQTT-SN QoS 0, while similar latency values were obtained for CoAP and MQTT-SN QoS 1. The average latency was measured at 163.2ms, 188.5ms, and 191.5ms for MQTT-SN QoS 0, MQTT-SN QoS 1, and CoAP, respectively. Regarding energy consumption, when using MQTT-SN for a single Tx/Rx operation in a 10s interval, the average consumption was 261.6mJ for both QoS 0 and QoS 1, while CoAP showed an average of 261.3mJ.

The performance evaluation of the integrated protocols demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed system. CoAP outperforms MQTT-SN in terms of energy consumption, while the two protocols exhibit similar latency performance. The observed latency and energy consumption values in the developed integration technique are comparable to other studies. Furthermore, the work showcases the successful coexistence of the two protocols in a single sensor node without negatively impacting performance. To validate the system further, future work will involve testing it under more complex network conditions.

Optimizing Data Communication in Wireless Sensor Networks.    GET MORE, ACTUARIAL SCIENCE PROJECT TOPICS AND MATERIALS

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