MOLECULAR MARKERS FOR EARLY DETECTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES.

Abstract:

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early detection and intervention are crucial for effective management and prevention of CVDs. Traditional diagnostic methods, such as clinical examination and imaging techniques, have limitations in detecting CVDs at an early stage. Therefore, there is a growing interest in identifying molecular markers that can provide accurate and timely information for early detection and risk assessment.

This abstract aims to summarize the current knowledge and advancements in the field of molecular markers for the early detection of cardiovascular diseases. Various types of molecular markers, including proteins, genetic variations, microRNAs, and circulating biomolecules, have been investigated for their potential diagnostic and prognostic value in CVDs.

Proteins, such as cardiac troponins, brain natriuretic peptides, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, have demonstrated utility as biomarkers for myocardial injury, heart failure, and inflammation, respectively. Genetic variations, including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in candidate genes, have been associated with increased susceptibility to CVDs and may serve as genetic markers for risk assessment.

MicroRNAs, small non-coding RNA molecules, have emerged as promising biomarkers due to their stability in circulation and their involvement in the regulation of cardiovascular processes. Specific microRNA signatures have been identified in various CVDs, offering potential diagnostic and prognostic value.

Furthermore, circulating biomolecules, such as cell-free DNA and extracellular vesicles, are being explored as indicators of vascular damage and disease progression. These biomolecules carry genetic and epigenetic information that can be analyzed for early detection and monitoring of CVDs.

Advancements in high-throughput technologies, such as next-generation sequencing and proteomics, have facilitated the discovery and validation of novel molecular markers. Integrated approaches, combining multiple molecular markers and incorporating clinical risk factors, are being developed to enhance the accuracy and reliability of CVD diagnosis and risk prediction.

In conclusion, molecular markers hold great promise for the early detection and risk assessment of cardiovascular diseases. Their implementation in clinical practice has the potential to improve patient outcomes by enabling timely intervention and preventive measures. However, further research is needed to validate the clinical utility of these markers and establish standardized protocols for their use in routine healthcare settings.